UCP1基因变异与绵羊生长及胴体性状的关联分析

试验旨在探讨解耦联蛋白1（UCP1）基因核苷酸变异对绵羊生长性状的性别差异和胴体性状的影响，以期能够筛选出可以提升绵羊生长及胴体性状的核苷酸变异，为提高绵羊相关重要经济性状的分子遗传标记提供材料。以9个绵羊品种为研究对象，用PCR-SSCP方法检测不同性别绵羊中UCP1基因内含子5区和外显子6区变异。利用Minitab 16.0软件中一般线性模型分析内含子5区等位基因与不同性别绵羊生长性状、公羔胴体性状的关联性。结果显示，绵羊UCP1基因内含子5区和外显子6区共检测到8个核苷酸变异，其中位点c.910 G/A突变导致p.Ala304Thr氨基酸变异。生长性状关联分析结果表明，内含子5区等位基因对绵羊生长性状的影响存在性别特异性，母羔中携带等位基因A₁的群体较缺失群体具有较低的初生重（P<0.05），公羔中携带等位基因C₁的群体较缺失群体具有较高的断尾重（P<0.05），未发现其他等位基因与羔羊的生长性状存在性别特异性。胴体性状关联分析结果表明，携带等位基因A₁的群体具有较低后腿瘦肉量、腰部瘦肉量和较高的肩部瘦肉比例（P<0.05），携带等位基因C₁的群体具有较低的后腿瘦肉比例（P<0.05），其他胴体性状均没有发现与等位基因存在显著相关，基因型分析结果与等位基因分析结果一致。结果提示，UCP1基因对绵羊的生长性状影响具有性别特异性，且携带等位基因A₁的公羔群体具有较低的胴体生产性状，为提高公羔胴体生产性能提供了理论依据。     

Research Progress on Influence Factors of Mutton Quality

Meat quality means the characteristics such as appearance is related to palatability in fresh meat or manufactured meat, it includes meat color, meat structure, hardness, marbling, water holding capacity and so on.The physical characteristics of mutton quality determines the consumer acceptability of meat and there is a close relationship between chemical composition of mutton quality and nutrient substance.With the improvement of living standards, consumers are increasingly high demand for mutton.From quantitative to qualitative change, we need to continuously improve mutton quality.At present, the production of high quality animal products has become a hot topic.This paper is a summary of the effects of breed, gender, age, environment and feed nutrition on mutton quality, and aims to provide a scientific basis for improving of mutton quality with nutritional regulation measures.     

关税和补贴对国企国有股份最优占比的影响——基于混合寡占理论分析

通过建立理论模型，并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据，从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现，家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素，同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等，但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此，政府应大力发展家庭服务业，建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系，基本满足家庭的服务需求，使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来，同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例，增强就业竞争实力；规范劳动合同，维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。     

The effect of breed,sex, and oral meloxicam administration on pain biomarkers following hot-iron branding in Hereford and Angus calves

Hot-iron branding uses thermal injury to permanently identify cattle causing painful tissue damage. The primary objective was to examine the physiological and behavioral effects of oral meloxicam (MEL), compared to a control, administered at the time of hot-iron branding in Angus and Hereford steers and heifers. The secondary objectives were to investigate breed and sex effects on pain biomarkers. A total of 70 yearlings, consisting of 35 heifers and 35 steers (Angus, Hereford, or Angus × Hereford), were enrolled in the study. Animals were blocked by sex, randomized across weight, and assigned to receive MEL (1 mg/kg) or a placebo (CON). Biomarkers were assessed for 48 h after branding and included infrared thermography (IRT), mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), accelerometry and a visual analog scale (VAS), and serum cortisol and prostaglandin E₂ metabolites (PGEM). Wound healing was assessed for 12 wk. Hair samples to quantify cortisol levels were taken prior to and 30 d post-branding. Responses were analyzed using repeated measures with calf nested in treatment as a random effect, and treatment, time, treatment by time interaction, breed, and sex as fixed effects. There was a treatment by time interaction for PGEM (P < 0.01) with MEL having lower values than CON at 6, 24, and 48 h (MEL: 18.34 ± 3.52, 19.61 ± 3.48, and 22.24 ± 3.48 pg/mL, respectively; CON: 32.57 ± 3.58, 37.00 ± 3.52, and 33.07 ± 3.48 pg/mL; P < 0.01). MEL showed less of a difference in maximum IRT values between the branded (2.27 ± 0.29 °C) and control site (3.15 ± 0.29 °C; P < 0.01). MEL took fewer lying bouts at 0–12 h (4.91 bouts ± 0.56) compared with CON (6.87 bouts ± 0.55; P < 0.01). Compared with Hereford calves, Angus calves exhibited greater serum but lower hair cortisol, greater PGEM, more lying bouts, and less healed wound scores at 3, 4, and 5 wk. Compared with heifers, steers exhibited lower PGEM, lower branding site and ocular IRT, higher MNT, and lower plasma meloxicam levels. Steers spent more time lying, took more lying bouts and had greater VAS pain, and more healed wound scores at 5 wk than heifers. Meloxicam administration at branding reduced branding and control site temperature differences and reduced lying bouts for the first 12 h. Breed and sex effects were observed across many biomarkers. Changes from baseline values for IRT, MNT, lying time, step count, VAS pain, and wound scoring all support that branding cattle is painful.     

光波长、刺激时长和性别结构对龟纹瓢虫趋光性的影响

为揭示天敌昆虫趋光性中光源因子与虫源因子的作用,采用室内多向行为选择方法研究光波长、刺激时长和性别结构对龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica趋光性的影响。结果显示:在365～630 nm波长范围内,光波长对龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群的趋光性有显著影响,其对365 nm处紫外光的趋光率最高,为27.90%;对625～630 nm处红光的趋光率最低,为6.50%。在120 min范围内,光刺激时长对龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群的趋光性有显著影响,且该影响与光波长有关。利用紫外光刺激龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群5 min时的趋光率(41.07%)显著高于其它刺激时长处理,且其它处理之间均无显著差异。随着光刺激时长的增加,龟纹瓢虫雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群对紫外光、蓝光短波长的趋光率降低,对红光和黑暗处理的趋光率增加。在紫外光、蓝光、绿光及橙光处理下性别结构对龟纹瓢虫有显著影响,雌性单性种群偏嗜紫外光和绿光;雄性单性种群偏嗜绿光和橙光;雌雄性比为1∶1的两性种群偏嗜紫外光、蓝光和橙光。表明光波长是龟纹瓢虫趋光性的核心诱因,性别结构及光刺激时长具有重要的协同调控作用。     

子女性别对农民工外地务工决策的影响——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的经验分析

农村改革使劳动力流动的障碍得以消除,农村劳动力不断向城市流动。外地务工反映了农民工务工地决策中的地点选择,对其研究有助于在微观层面了解农民工流动的倾向及其内在原因。利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,运用最小二乘法和工具变量回归方法,分析子女性别差异对农民工外地务工的影响。结果表明,外地务工的农民工收入相对更高,同时家中拥有儿子的农民工更可能选择外地务工。第一胎为男孩将显著提高农民工外地务工的概率,从子女所处成长阶段看,当子女处于婴幼儿和接受义务教育阶段时,子女性别对农民工外地务工影响较小;而当子女处于婚配阶段时,生养儿子将显著提高农民工外地务工的可能性;当子女家庭趋于稳定之后,子女性别的影响不再显著。研究表明,男孩偏好观念对子女性别的影响具有协同作用;当子女处于婚配阶段时,助儿购/建房是农民工外地务工的原因之一。因此,提出营造男女平等的社会环境;积极落实与二胎政策相关的配套政策;进一步推进城乡一体化发展等建议。     

Urban evictions,public housing and the gendered rationalisation of kampung life in Jakarta

The dispossession of urban communities across class and racial lines is a global phenomenon linked to the expansion of international investment in the development of ‘exemplary’ city space. However, city evictions are also historically informed and gendered processes which are continuous with past colonial and postcolonial urban rationalisation projects. Drawing on testimonies of women evictees in Jakarta, as well as interviews with public housing managers, this article details the gendered nature of the rationalisation of urban life in the context of a contemporary evictions regime. We argue that the rationalisation of urban space serves to sharpen the gender order by placing material constraints on women's roles, limiting their economic activities and defining them as hygiene‐responsible housewives. Further, and in turn, the limited provision of ‘rusunawa’ public housing, which we show to be a gendered spatial and social transition informed by state doctrine on the family, provides the state with justification for dispossession itself. Finally, women's everyday acts of refusal and resistance show not only that kampung forms of social life continue to be preserved in Jakarta, but also that rationalisation itself is a negotiated and contingent process.     

性别控制胚胎玻璃化一步法稀释冷冻保存技术的研究

为了创立在用户庭院就能应用的玻璃化保存性别控制胚胎的冷冻剂稀释处理方法，采用细管内3种不同液体层构成（A、B、C）法，对新鲜分割胚一步法稀释后的存活能力进行了研究；其次用特定细管最小容量冷却法与上述3种不同液体层构成中效果较好的B法对玻璃化冷冻溶解的新鲜分割胚、体外受精分割胚及冷冻溶解的体外受精分割胚进行一步法稀释后的存活能力予以对比。结果，3种不同液体层构成间胚胎的存活能力无显著差异，B法较高；应用特定细管最小容量冷却法在冷冻溶解的新鲜分割胚、体外受精分割胚及冷冻溶解的体外受精分割胚一步法稀释后的存活能力均显著高于B法。结果表明，特定细管最小容量冷却法是更有效的保存方法。     

乔伊斯与伍尔夫小说女性形象的比较

詹姆斯·乔伊斯与弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫是二十世纪意识流文学大师的杰出代表,他们成功塑造了莫莉、拉姆齐夫人、达洛维等一系列经典女性形象。然而在表现和刻画女性形象时,二者的小说在语言运用、作家性别、女性意识和小说选材等方面存在诸多差异,其中两人各自不同的人生经历和生活态度对其创作产生了较大影响。两位作家透过小说中一个个鲜活的女性形象,表达了对整个女性群体命运的关怀。     

雌雄福寿螺摄食生长及形态性状差异研究

福寿螺是首批列入我国外来入侵物种“黑名单”的生物,已对我国南方水稻生产造成严重危害。通过室 内投喂实验测定了雌雄福寿螺摄食生长的差异,并通过“外采样测定了雌雄螺形态性状差异。结果显示院在分开饲 养足食投喂30 d后发现,雌螺的生长速度为雄螺的2.88 倍,这主要与雌螺有着更大的摄食量和更高的食物转化效 率有关。在共同饲养但限食投喂30 d后,雌螺的壳高增长率和体重增长率均大于雄螺,但未达到显著差异;雄螺的壳 高/壳宽、壳高/体重极显著大于雌螺（P<0.001）,壳口长/壳口宽极显著小于雌螺（P<0.001）。