Estimating Combining Ability of 4x-2x Crosses in Cultivated Potatoes

Progenies derived from crosses between Solarium tuberosum and 2n pollen-Producing diploid hybrids, exhibit obvious hybrid vigor. The 2n pollen-producing clone can act as a bridge in crossing S. tuberosum and S. andigena with S. phureja. Populations from 4x-2x crosses show more unifomity and less segregation compared with that of 4x-4x crosses. The parent-offspring correlation for the traits, starch content and tuber number, is significant at 0.01 level. The regrssion equations are Y (mp-F1)=1.0 1.2x and Y (mp - F1) = 5.3 0.8x, respectively. The 2n pollen-producing clones play an impotant role in increasing tuber stach content. Estimates of the combining ability for the main yield components indicate that additive effect prodominatcs for such trais as plot yield, tuber weight per plant and starch content, whereas both additive and non-additive effects lay equal stress on mean tuber weight and non-additive effect is important for tuber number. In general, non-additive effect appears to be important in     

棉花枯、黄萎病菌营养亲和性研究进展

介绍了棉花枯、黄萎病菌营养亲和性研究方法和营养体亲和群研究,并着重总结了利用营养亲和群结合DNA多态性技术,研究尖孢镰刀菌(FusariumoxysporumSchlechtend:Fr)专化型、生理小种、亲和群之间的关系,以及棉花黄萎病菌(VerticilliumdahliaeKleb.)亲和群与致病型关系的研究进展。     

转基因八棱海棠与苹果品种亲和性的微嫁接早期鉴定

用微嫁接法鉴定嫁接亲和性的结果表明,不同培养基和培养方法对嫁接成活率和生根率有较大影响,生根 愈伤同步的方法可以同时获得较高的嫁接成活率和生根率。转番茄铁载体蛋白基因八棱海棠(Malus micromalus)与 苹果(Malus pumila)品种富士,嘎拉以及新红星嫁接成活率分别为93.33％,92.86％,73.34％。嫁接后15 d左右,接穗 新叶开始生长;嫁接后2个月,嫁接苗移栽成活率分别为73.07％,73.91％和55％;移栽后3个月,3种嫁接苗的茎杆 粗度均匀,无大小脚现象。初步结果显示,转基因八棱海棠与富士、嘎拉均具良好的嫁接亲和性,而与新红星的嫁接 亲和性稍差。     

Physiological Races and Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Isolated from Crisphead Lettuce in Japan

One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1, and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city. All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002     

Pathogenicity and Virulence of the Two Dutch VCGs of Verticillium dahliae to Woody Ornamentals

Two experiments were performed in two consecutive years to test whether isolates of different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) differ in their ability to cause disease in woody ornamentals, to study the host specificity of the isolates and to get an insight into disease development in woody hosts. A range of woody ornamental plant species, including Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Catalpa bignonioides, Cotinus coggygria, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, Syringa vulgaris and Tilia cordata, were root-dip inoculated with six isolates of Verticillium dahliae, belonging to the two VCGs that occur in the Netherlands (VCG NL-1 and VCG NL-2). Isolates belonging to each VCG caused severe symptoms of verticillium wilt in most plant species tested. Disease progress differed between plant species, but was generally the same for the two VCGs. No overall differences in virulence were observed between the two VCGs for external wilt symptoms, number of dead plants, or shoot length. No significant VCG × plant species interactions were present for these characteristics. However, isolates of VCG NL-1 caused more vascular discolouration than did isolates of VCG NL-2. Isolates within VCGs often differed considerably in their virulence to certain hosts, as shown by highly significant isolate × plant species interactions. Isolates were more virulent on their original host. These findings imply that VCG identification does not contribute to disease prediction for a range of woody hosts.     

十种常用农药与球孢白僵菌的生物学相容性

球孢白僵菌孢子粉与10种常用农药相容性的测定结果显示,随着孢子浓度上升,所试农药对孢子的抑制作用均有不同程度的增强。在1/10田间常规使用浓度下,百菌清和代森锰锌均能抑制或杀死孢子(萌发率<1％)。除阿维菌素外,所有杀虫剂均与白僵菌孢子相容,在常规使用浓度的10倍稀释液中孢子萌发率达90％以上。吡虫啉、蚜虱灵、灭多威和氟虫腈与孢子的相容性最好,其中吡虫啉和蚜虱灵对孢子萌发率的影响不明显随药剂浓度的变化而变化,即使在田间常规使用浓度下孢子萌发率也在95％以上,而阿维菌素与白僵菌的相容性极差。因此,应用白僵菌制剂防治害虫,选择生物学相容性好的农药以低剂量与白僵菌制剂混用,既可使菌剂增效,又可大幅度降低化学药剂用量。     

双孢蘑菇性亲和性相关分子标记的初步筛选

以传统的形态，生理生化分析和最新的DCS－PDMA性亲和性测定方法为基础， 结合群体分离分析和RAPD技术来源于同一双孢蘑菇异核体菌株的12个不育同核原生质体个体进行分析，筛选与性亲和性相关的分子标记。研究结果表明，供试的12个不育同核原生质体个体被分成两大类性亲和性类型，其中一类（A^ ）包括不育同核原生质体个体B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、L，另一类（A^-）则仅仅包括不育同核原生质体个体K和M，同时筛选到一个与性亲和性相关的分子标记OPA16 1500。从而为间地利用双孢蘑菇本身特有的交配型作标记来指导杂交育种工作和进一步将性亲和性基因定位分离克隆奠定了坚实的基础。     

Biocompatibility of Acellular Porcine Dermis

In vitro cultured vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts (3T3) on the acellular dermal matrix , which were made of porcine skins. We made the cell proliferation test with MTT assay and the histological observation after cells were seeded on the acelluar dermis for 1 week with histological section. The cell growth curves showed VEC and 3T3 grew much rapidly on the acelluar dermis.The histological observation revealed VEC had formed a monolayer, some places even had formed 2 to 3 layer. The results suggest that the acelluar porcine dermal matrix have good biocompatibility , it will be widely applied.     

卡里佐枳橙在中国的生产适应性调查与比较研究

卡里佐枳橙是重要的柑橘砧木,在世界范围内广泛应用。20世纪90年代作为一种新砧木被引进我国并在部分地区用于柑橘生产。为了全面了解卡里佐枳橙在我国的生产表现,本研究采用田间观察和问询相结合的方法在全国6个柑橘主产省16个区（县）30多个果园开展了嫁接亲和性、早结丰产性、抗逆性等方面的调查。在重庆和广西两个不同的生态类型共三个试验点、分别对嫁接在卡里佐枳橙和枳砧上的梁平柚和纽荷尔脐橙等两个不同接穗品种开展了连续三年在树体、产量、结果效率和果实品质等园艺学性状方面的系统比较。结果显示,总体上讲卡里佐枳橙的嫁接亲和性较好,但与红江橙和无籽柠檬嫁接后表现出明显的不亲和;早结丰产性好,树势旺,结果效率不如枳砧高;果实品质优良,与枳砧相比无显著性差异。在抗逆性方面,卡里佐枳橙对裂皮病、天牛比较敏感,对碱性土壤比较敏感,容易导致叶片缺铁黄化。本研究将对我国柑橘砧木的选择以及以卡里佐枳橙砧果园的田间管理提供参考和指导。