Effect of biofloc technology on growth of speckled shrimp,Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricus) in different feeding regimes

The effects of biofloc technology (BFT) were tested on growth performance, water quality, haemolymph parameters and hepatopancreas histology with and without BFT for the speckled shrimp. In this study, eight different experimental groups were formed (four BFT and four control groups) to measure the effects of different feeding rates on compensatory growth of speckled shrimp. BFT treatments were performed with zero water exchange and planned as BFT1: gradually feed decreasing group 4, 2 and 1% bw, BFT2: 4% bw, BFT3: 2‐days feed with 4% bw, 1‐day fasted, and BFT4: 1‐day feed with 4% bw, 1‐day fasted. In control treatment, the same trial groups were constituted for comparing with BFT at a 50% daily water exchange: C1 (gradually feed decreasing group: 4%, 2% and 1% bw), C2 (4% bw), C3 (2‐days feed with 4% bw, 1‐day fasted), C4 (1‐day feed with 4% bw, 1‐day fasted). There were significant differences between BFT and C groups in terms of some water quality (p < 0.05). In general, BFT had an effect on haemocyte profile. At the histological examination, there were no pathological findings in both BFT and control groups. The growth parameters of speckled shrimps in BFT groups, as well as the whole body crude protein ratios and crude ash contents, were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The results confirmed that biofloc utilization increased with decreasing feeding.     

Pharmacokinetics of the novel COX‐2 selective inhibitor vitacoxib in cats: The effects of feeding and dose

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and dose‐scaling model of vitacoxib in either fed or fasted cats following either oral or intravenous administration. The concentration of the drug was quantified by UPLC‐MS/MS on plasma samples. Relevant parameters were described using noncompartmental analysis (WinNonlin 6.4 software). Vitacoxib is relatively slowly absorbed and eliminated after oral administration (2 mg/kg body weight), with a T_max of approximately 4.7 hr. The feeding state of the cat was a statistically significant covariate for both area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) and mean absorption time (MAT_fed). The absolute bioavailability (F) of vitacoxib (2 mg/kg body weight) after oral administration (fed) was 72.5%, which is higher than that in fasted cats (F = 50.6%). Following intravenous administration (2 mg/kg body weight), Vd (ml/kg) was 1,264.34 ± 343.63 ml/kg and Cl (ml kg^?1 hr^?1) was 95.22 ± 23.53 ml kg^?1 hr^?1. Plasma concentrations scaled linearly with dose, with C_max (ng/ml) of 352.30 ± 63.42, 750.26 ± 435.54, and 936.97 ± 231.27 ng/ml after doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg body weight, respectively. No significant undesirable behavioral effects were noted throughout the duration of the study.     

饥饿对草鱼血清游离氨基酸的影响

将池塘捕获的体重(1.70±0.80)kg的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)饲养在室内水族箱内,分别测定了空腹(禁食1 d,26样本)、饥饿15 d(15样本)、饥饿30 d(15样本)的草鱼血清游离氨基酸含量。结果显示:草鱼血清游离氨基酸总量基本恒定,空腹、饥饿15 d和饥饿30 d的氨基酸总量无显著差异;处于饥饿状态的草鱼血清游离必需氨基酸总量极显著地高于空腹状态,非必需氨基酸总量极显著地低于空腹状态;血清赖氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和胱氨酸含量因饥饿显著升高,而组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸和酪氨酸因饥饿显著降低;饥饿15 d和饥饿30 d各氨基酸含量均未见差异。草鱼血清游离氨基酸含量在正常摄食情况下主要受饲料蛋白质影响,处于饥饿状态下主要来源于肌体蛋白质的分解,比较正常摄食后和饥饿状态下血清游离氨基酸的组成可评价饲料蛋白质的质量。     

Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after intravenous and oral administration in fasted and fed Labrador Retriever dogs

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is used in dogs to manage fever and mild pain. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in both fed and fasted Labrador Retrievers after a single intravenous and oral administration (20 mg/kg). Six healthy dogs underwent three treatments in a randomized block study (a, n = 2; b, n = 2; c, n = 2). In phase one, group a received acetaminophen intravenously, group b and c orally after being fasted and fed, respectively. In phase two and three, groups were swapped, and the experiment was repeated. At the end of the trial, each dog received the same treatment. Acetaminophen plasma concentrations were detected using a validated HPLC‐UV method. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a noncompartmental model. Clearance, volume at steady state and half‐life of acetaminophen in Labrador Retrievers were 0.42 L/kg hr, 0.87 L/kg and 1.35 hr, respectively. No significant statistical differences were found between fasted and fed dogs regarding maximum plasma concentration, time at maximum concentration and bioavailability as measured by the AUC. Feeding does not significantly affect the acetaminophen oral pharmacokinetics.     

猪饥饿和喂饲后内服氟甲砜霉素的药动学比较

报道了猪饥饿及喂饲后 5min单剂量 (2 0mg/kg)内服氟甲砜霉素的药动学比较的研究 .用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度 .试验所得的血浆浓度 时间数据采用非房室模型统计矩原理分析处理 .猪饥饿后内服给药的主要药物动力学参数 :AUC =(91 40± 7 5 1)mg·h/L ,MRT =(7 15± 0 5 8)h ,t1/ 2 β=(5 99± 0 2 6 )h .猪喂饲后 5min内服给药的主要药物动力学参数为 :AUC =(88 47± 2 2 1)mg·h/L ,MRT =(10 94± 1 0 6 )h ,t1/ 2 β=(6 44± 0 90 )h .试验结果表明 ,猪喂饲后内服氟甲砜霉素的生物利用度与饥饿后的相似 ,但峰浓度显著小于饥饿后的峰浓度 ,两者的消除半衰期相似 .