Sectioned pelvic fin ray ageing of muskellunge Esox masquinongy from a Virginia river: comparisons among readers, with cleithrum estimates, and with tag–recapture growth data

Abstract  The potential utility of pelvic fin rays as ageing structures was evaluated for southern US muskellunge Esox masquinongy Mitchill populations by comparing age estimates among three readers and against cleithrum estimates, and by comparing observed length changes of tagged fish with changes predicted from growth equations based on pelvic fin ray age estimates. Mean coefficient of variation in age estimates among all readers and between the two readers with prior ageing experience was 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively. Exact and within 1-year agreement rates between pelvic fin rays and cleithra were 76% and 100%, respectively. Mean (± 2 SE) estimated absolute error between observed and predicted length changes for 13 tagged muskellunge was 30 ± 14 mm. This evaluation indicated that pelvic fin rays may prove to be a useful, non-lethal method for ageing muskellunge in southern US waters. Validation studies are still needed to ensure that growth rings form consistently throughout fish's life span.     

Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optimal Parameters of Multi-louvered Fin Condenser

The authors conduct the experimental study and optimal computing for the condenser of automobile air conditioner. The especially the properties of heat transfer and flow at the side of air when using shutter fin. The authors the influence of several combinations of fin's geometry parameter to heat transfer and flow resistance. The maximal heat transfer is used as a criterion relation to select the fin's geometry parameters in the same facing air area of condenser. Furthermore, a program is designed to conduct optimal computing, and the computing results are basically consistent with experimental results. It shows that the optimal method is reasonable and the results can be applied to engineering practice.     

The effect of hepatic passage on postprandial plasma lipid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after a single meal

For the first time, pre‐ and post‐hepatic plasma lipid profiles were monitored following a single meal in a free‐swimming, non‐anaesthetized fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 700–1500 g; 10 °C) were equipped with cannulae in the dorsal aorta (DA) and hepatic portal vein (HPV). Simultaneous blood samples, taken from both cannulae at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postprandial, revealed the time course of the plasma lipid profiles following a single meal (1% of body mass). Primarily monounsaturated fatty acids with the exception of 18:1n ? 9, increased significantly from baseline by 12 h postprandial without greatly affecting total plasma lipid concentrations. Total plasma lipids then showed a small peak at 24 h postprandial, coinciding with a peak in triacylglycerols. We conclude that assimilation of lipids from the digest into the plasma is slower than reported for proteins and carbohydrates in the same species. Furthermore, as there were no significant differences between the HPV and DA, no measurable effect of hepatic passage on plasma lipid levels was resolved. Therefore, we also conclude that, in contrast to that in higher vertebrates, hepatic passage does not seem to have a major role in rainbow trout for modulating the postprandial plasma profile of lipids.     

锦鲤尾鳍细胞系(KF-H)的建立

本研究建立了锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)尾鳍细胞系。染色体数目、核型及DNA含量等实验,发现锦鲤体细胞和锦鲤培养细胞无显著性差异,染色体数目和DNA含量符合比例关系,建立的锦鲤尾鳍细胞系已形成了稳定的遗传性状,命名为KF-H。     

美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育

使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,描述了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)仔稚鱼(1~51日龄)脊柱、胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍等附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。结果显示,脊柱的发育开始于10日龄仔鱼尾部的髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,16日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘,19日龄脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,23日龄所有椎体形成。各附鳍支鳍骨发育顺序先后依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。胸鳍在2日龄时出现乌喙骨,13日龄形成软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨,19日龄仔鱼肩带和上匙骨开始骨化;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在5日龄,12日龄尾鳍形成2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨和6枚尾下骨,19日龄仔鱼尾椎和尾鳍率先开始骨化,直至23日龄尾鳍骨骼系统钙化完全。最终背鳍和臀鳍分别形成18和22根鳍条。美洲鲥骨骼发育研究对其早期发育功能趋向、环境优化及分类鉴定有重要作用。     

鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型对异育银鲫背鳍细胞的显微形态与免疫基因表达水平的影响

为研究鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cy HV-2)体外感染复制特征以及异育银鲫抗病毒免疫应答反应。本实验采用组织块培养法建立了异育银鲫背鳍细胞的原代培养体系。结果显示,在10 d左右可观察到组织块迁移分离出新的单层细胞,3周左右细胞可覆盖底部面积为25cm2培养瓶的底部;经Cy HV-2悬液感染离体培养的原代细胞,3 d后病毒滴度增殖至106拷贝/m L;在病毒感染6 d后出现典型的细胞病变效应;Cy HV-2感染原代细胞后,分析前期通过鱼体水平实验鉴定出的与该病毒感染相关的免疫基因:PNP5a、MPO、MHCⅠ、LYZ-C、IL-11、ITLN、PNP5a和DUSP,Real-time Rt-PCR结果显示大部分基因在细胞水平均有显著性的上调,与鱼体水平实验结果一致。本研究建立了原代培养的异育银鲫背鳍细胞,用于构建体外感染Cy HV-2病毒的细胞模型,为深入研究Cy HV-2的感染复制规律及其与宿主的相互作用关系,以及细胞水平筛选抗病毒药物实验奠定了基础。     

低雷诺数工况下锯齿型翅片性能的参数化研究

基于田口方法,结合均匀设计法对低雷诺数工况下错列锯齿型翅片进行三维参数化数值研究。以单层翅片组件为测试对象,对6种试件的试验表明,仿真结果与试验数据的趋势吻合良好,而存在差异的主要原因是试件加工工艺引起翅片表面存在毛刺。按照均匀设计法得到6因子5水平的11种仿真方案,引入田口方法的信噪比和贡献率,研究各几何参数对翅片性能的影响程度,依次为齿距、齿高、齿型角、错齿距、齿开窗宽度和齿厚。根据各水平下各可控因子的信噪比分布得到翅片的优化模型,并通过仿真验证了优化模型的有效性。     

仿生鱿鱼肉鳍扑动推进机理数值研究

在仿生机器鱿鱼的设计制作中,通过肉鳍摆动辅助腕的收缩以及喷水推进的组合,使得鱿鱼可以以多种运动形式进行游泳。为研究鱿鱼肉鳍的扑动推进机理,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对生物鱿鱼外形进行等比例数值建模,计算分析鱿鱼肉鳍在不同扑动角度下的水动力特性。在此基础上,通过改变肉鳍占体比例、肉鳍形状等参数,研究不同参数对鱿鱼肉鳍扑动推进性能的影响。结果显示:鱿鱼肉鳍扑动过程中肉鳍上下表面出现明显涡流区与压力差,鱿鱼在该压力差的作用下完成升沉运动与水平运动;当鱿鱼肉鳍占体比例超过0.3时,升沉力与水平推进力均随肉鳍占体比例的增加呈明显上升趋势,而阻力变化趋于稳定,适当增加肉鳍的占体比例可获得更高的扑动推进效率;横菱形肉鳍具有较高的推进效率与较低的游动阻力,在仿生鱿鱼设计中是一种较为理想的选择。研究结果为仿生机器鱿鱼的设计制作提供了计算方法和理论参考。     

条石鲷早期发育阶段鳍的分化

条石鲷仔稚鱼在室外水泥池进行培育,培育水温24-28℃,盐度28-32,pH7.6-8.4,对条石鲷早期发育阶段鳍的发育、分化进行了观察.结果表明:初孵仔鱼奇鳍鳍褶起始于头部,绕过尾部,终止于肛门;3日龄仔鱼出现胸鳍;8日龄仔鱼脊椎末端下侧出现放射丝;12日龄仔鱼脊椎末端开始上翘,腹鳍基形成;15日龄仔鱼胸鳍出现软条,背鳍、臀鳍在支鳍骨上方的相应位置分化出软条,尾鳍由圆形转变为截形,腹鳍形成2枚软条;20日龄仔鱼背、臀、尾鳍软条出现分节,腹鳍形成4枚软条,透明,无色素,尾鳍呈长截形,鳍中部略有内凹;30日龄稚鱼各鳍鳍条数目已发育完全,尾鳍鳍条出现分支,胸鳍和尾鳍还未有色素分布,背、臀鳍的鳍棘部已全部出现色素,软条部分还未完全着色素,腹鳍已全部着色素;40日龄进入幼鱼期,外部形态和成鱼相似,各鳍鳍条发育完全.条石鲷仔稚鱼胸鳍长与全长呈直线回归关系,且胸鳍长随日龄的增加而增长,呈指数关系.条石鲷各鳍的发育时序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍.