NO对大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区DA神经元的调节

实验观察了微量注射 NOS抑制剂 L -NAME及微量联合注射 NO的前体 L-精氨酸( L-Arg) L-NAME于大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区( VTA)对该部位多巴胺神经元的调节。发现VTA注射 L -NAME( 1 mg/ 5μL )后 ,伏隔核( Acb)多巴胺 ( DA )代谢产物—双羟苯乙酸( DOPAC)水平升高到注射前的 1 2 2 .5% ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,小剂量注射 L-NAME( 0 .2 mg/ 5μL)对伏隔核 DOPAC水平无明显影响 ;同样方法联合注射 L-Arg( 3 0 0 μg/ 5μL) L-NAME( 1 mg/5μL)后 ,伏隔核 DOPAC水平无明显变化。结论 :VTA微量注射 L-NAME兴奋了该部位的DA神经元 ,而 L -Arg L -NAME联合注射 ,却不能影响 DA神经元的活动 ,说明 NO可以通过L-Arg-NOS-NO途径参与 VTA多巴胺神经元的调节     

Effects of extracerebral dopamine on salsolinol‐ or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone‐induced prolactin (PRL) secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of extracerebral dopamine (DA) on salsolinol (SAL)‐induced prolactin (PRL) secretion in goats. An intravenous injection of SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was given to female goats before and after treatment with an extracerebral DA receptor antagonist, domperidone (DOM), and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. DOM alone increased plasma PRL concentrations and the PRL‐releasing response to DOM alone was greater than that to either SAL alone or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to DOM plus SAL was similar to that to DOM alone, and no additive effect of DOM and SAL on the secretion of PRL was observed. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to DOM plus TRH was greater than that to either TRH alone or DOM alone and DOM synergistically increased TRH‐induced PRL secretion. The present results demonstrate that the mechanism involved in PRL secretion by SAL differs from that by TRH, and suggest that the extracerebral DA might be associated in part with the modulation of SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

磷钨酸银纳米粒子光散射法测定多巴胺

在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液pH=5.0的条件下,多酸纳米粒子Ag3PW12O40可以与多巴胺相互作用.以光散射信号为表征手段,可以得出在多巴胺浓度为3.0×10 8～1.2×10-5 mol/L的范围内光散射信号随着多巴胺浓度的增加呈线性增强,检出限(3σ)为1.4×10-8 mol/L.这种多巴胺的光散射测定方法被成功应用于盐酸多巴胺注射液的测定.     

Diurnal variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels in the teleostChanna punctatus (bloch) in response to melatonin under two photothermal conditions

Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels exhibited marked day-night variations under ambient photoperiod and temperature (12L12D; 17±1°C) with peak values at mid-light phase. The 16L8D; 22±1°C treatment reversed the diurnal rhythm of 5-HT, but not that of DA and NA. However, there was an overall increase in the levels of the catecholamines on exposure to the long photoperiod and high temperature. The administration of melatonin in the fish held on 16L8D; 22±1°C regime restored the 5-HT rhythm to that of the 12L12D; 17±1°C control group, but with elevated mid-photophase value. However, there was no effect of the indole treatment on the 5-HT rhythm under the 12L12D; 17±1°C regime. Melatonin causes a significant reduction of NA level in both the groups, while DA level did not change in either group.     

Direct actions of serotonin on gonadotropin-II and growth hormone release from goldfish pituitary cells: interactions with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and dopamine and further evaluation of serotonin receptor specificity

In this study, the direct actions of serotonin (5HT) on gonadotropin (GTH)-II and growth hormone (GH) release in the goldfish were tested at the pituitary cell level. 5HT (10 nM - 10 µM) stimulated GTH-II but inhibited GH release from perifused goldfish pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimal effective dose of 5HT tested to suppress basal GH secretion (10 nM) was 10-fold lower than that to stimulate GTH-II release (100 nM). The GTH-II releasing effect of 5HT was abolished by repeated 5HT treatment (10 µM) whereas the corresponding inhibition on GH release was unaffected. These results suggest that 5HT receptors on goldfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs exhibit intrinsic differences in terms of sensitivity to stimulation and resistance to desensitization. Salmon GTH-releasing hormone (sGnRH, 100 nM) stimulated GTH-II and GH release from goldfish pituitary cells. The GTH-II releasing action of sGnRH was unaffected by simultaneous treatment of 5HT (1 µM). However, the corresponding GH response to sGnRH (100 nM) was inhibited. In the goldfish, dopamine is known to stimulate GH release through activation of pituitary D1 receptors. In the present study, the GH-releasing action of dopamine (1 µM) and the D1 agonist SKF38393 (1 µM) was significantly reduced by 5HT (1 µM). To examine the receptor specificity of 5HT action, the effects of 5HT1 and 5HT2 analogs on GTH-II and GH release were tested in goldfish pituitary cells. The 5HT1 agonist 8OH DPAT (0.1 and 1µM) and 5HT2 agonist methyl 5HT (0.1 1µM) mimicked the GTH-II releasing effect of 5HT. The 5HT1 agonist 8OH DPAT (0.1 and 1µM) also stimulated GH release but the 5HT2 agonist methyl 5HT (0.1 and 1µM) was inhibitory to basal GH secretion. In addition, 5HT (1µM) -stimulated GTH-II release was abolished by the 5HT1 antagonist methiothepin (10µM) and 5HT2 antagonist mianserin (10µM). Similarly, the inhibitory action of 5HT (1µM) on basal GH release was blocked by the 5HT2 antagonist mianserin (10µM). The 5HT1 antagonist methiothepin (10µM) was not effective in this regard. These results, taken together, indicate that 5HT exerts its regulatory actions on GTH-II and GH release in the goldfish directly at the pituitary cell level, probably through interactions with other regulators including sGnRH and dopamine. The GTH-II releasing action of 5HT is mediated through 5HT2 and possibly 5HT1 receptors. The inhibition of 5HT on basal GH release is mediated through 5HT2 receptors only. Apparently, 5HT1 receptors are not involved in this inhibitory action. In this study, a paradoxical stimulatory component of 5HT on GH release by activating 5HT1 receptors is also implicated.     

Tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine turnover of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain: the special status of the hypothalamus

The dynamics of catecholamine (CA)-synthesis enzymes have been poorly studied in fish. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of CA synthesis has been only studied inin vitro conditions. In the present report thein vivo CA synthesis and the CA metabolism were studied in different regions of the forebrain of the rainbow trout. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the rate of accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were determined by HPLC following a treatment with hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD), a potential inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase. Kinetics of the accumulation of DOPA and of the decline of DOPAC were in agreement with those found in rat, evidencing that the accumulation of DOPA following NSD can be used in trout to quantify thein vivo enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. Experiments using treatment with NSD or with methyl-p-tyrosine reached a same conclusion: the DA neuronal activity in trout is much higher than NE neuronal activity. However, the hypothalamus had high DA levelsvs. lowin vitro andin vivo TH activities and exhibited a low CA turnover.     

斑节对虾cyclin G2基因克隆及不同刺激下的表达分析

细胞周期蛋白G2(cyclin G2)是细胞周期中的重要调控因子。该研究初步探讨斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)细胞周期蛋白G2(Pmcyclin G2)在卵巢发育中的作用,利用RACE技术克隆获得4075bp Pmcyclin G2 c DNA全长,其开放阅读框(ORF)1161bp,编码386个氨基酸。利用荧光定量PCR技术研究了Pmcyclin G2组织表达模式,结果显示,Pmcyclin G2在斑节对虾的心脏、血淋巴、肝胰腺、卵巢等组织中均有表达,其中肌肉中表达量最高;卵巢发育不同阶段Pmcyclin G2的表达分析则表明,Pmcyclin G2在III期表达量最高;注射5-羟色胺(5-HT)能诱导卵巢Pmcyclin G2基因表达升高,多巴胺(DA)则抑制卵巢中Pmcyclin G2基因表达。利用原核表达技术获得了cyclin G2的体外重组蛋白,Western Blot分析证实重组蛋白为cyclin G2蛋白。此结果为进一步研究该蛋白的功能提供了条件。以上研究结果表明,Pmcyclin G2基因可能与斑节对虾卵母细胞发育有密切关系,该结果可为进一步探究斑节对虾卵巢的发育机理提供理论依据。     

脂多糖、多巴胺与蛋白激酶抑制剂联合作用对凡纳滨对虾血细胞吞噬率、胞吐酚氧化酶活力的影响

研究了脂多糖(LPS)、多巴胺(DA)对凡纳滨对虾血细胞吞噬、胞吐及信号通路的影响。结果表明,LPS、DA对凡纳滨对虾血细胞数量、吞噬率和胞吐酚氧化酶活力影响显著(P<0.05),LPS、DA与血细胞孵育30min后,高浓度(1～10mg/L或μmol/L)处理组对虾血细胞数量均随作用浓度增大而明显下降,胞吐酚氧化酶活力则显著升高,LPS处理组对虾血细胞吞噬率显著升高,而DA处理组对虾血细胞吞噬率则表现出明显的下降趋势。同时在LPS作用下,分别加入蛋白激酶C(PKC)、酪氨酸蛋白激酶(TPK)抑制剂chelerythrine、genistein后,凡纳滨对虾血细胞吞噬和胞吐作用均受到明显的抑制作用,抑制剂对吞噬的抑制效果为genistein>chelerythrine,对胞吐的抑制效果则为chelerythrine>genistein;在DA作用下,加入蛋白激酶A(PKA)抑制剂H-89后,血细胞吞噬作用得到增强,但对胞吐作用无明显影响,chelerythrine、genistein均抑制对虾血细胞的胞吐作用,抑制剂的作用效果为chelerythrine>genistein,两种抑制剂对吞噬均无显著影响。