大豆30 cm平作窄行密植应用技术研究

通过10年的试验数据阐述了大豆30cm平作窄行密植（以下简称“大豆30cm平窄密”）增产增效是非常显著的。还阐述了该项技术的增产机理和技术关键。并且还对该项技术目前存在的问题进行了认真的讨论。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

Effects of a severe typhoon on forest dynamics in a warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in southwestern Japan

The effects of a typhoon on forest dynamics and the response of major tree species were studied in a warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in southwestern Japan. The strongest typhoon on record (T9313) passed through this region in 1993. Return periods of typhoons over 30 ms⁻¹ in instantaneous wind velocity and T9313 were estimated to be 2.2 and 104.5 years, respectively. Approximately 10% of all stems suffered some damage from T9313 and annual stem mortality rose from 1.3 to 2.7%. The estimated period that the number of stems would fall below 10% of the initial was four years shorter with T9313-class typhoons than without them. Thus, the disturbance by T9313 was not catastrophic at the site although T9313 was an episodic typhoon. The short-term responses of major tree species to T9313 were classified into four types: 1) blunt-response type with little decrease and recruitment of stems in the DBH ≥ 5 cm class (Distylium racemosum), 2) retreat type with larger decrease than recruitment (e.g. Quercus acuta), 3) sharp-response type with a large decrease and much recruitment (e.g. Cinnamomum japonicum), and 4) advance type with less decrease than recruitment (Eurya japonica). Among the four regeneration types classified by previous studies (climax, light-demanding, subcanopy, and few-sapling), the climax and few-sapling types each showed a specific short-term response, the blunt-response and retreat types, respectively, that explains one aspect of the regeneration strategies of each type. On the other hand, the light-demanding or sub-canopy type showed multiple short-term responses, indicating that each regeneration type contains species with various regeneration strategies. In this paper, I analyzed data from the database that was compiled by the Aya Research Team.     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

嫩江县大豆栽培模式及应用情况

目前生产上大豆栽培模式主要是“垄三”栽培、110cm密植栽培和45cm双条密植栽培。本文详细介绍各种模式的技术内容和应用情况。     

富锦市大豆45cm垄上双行条播技术研究

黑龙江省富锦市在大豆45cm双条密植栽培技术推广中,针对不同品种、不同密度与大豆产量的关系进行试验,结果显示,大豆45cm垄上双行条播技术相对于130cm垄密植技术来说,操作方便,机械配套,易于被农民接受,增产增收效果明显,是提高大豆单产的有效途径,适宜大面积推广。     

红松阔叶混交林林隙0cm地温的地统计学分析

[目的]揭示小兴安岭红松阔叶混交林林隙0 cm地面温度的时空变化规律。[方法]以小兴安岭原始红松阔叶混交林林隙为研究对象,采用网格法布点,通过对生长季内林隙各样点0 cm地面温度的连续观测,利用基本统计学和地统计学的方法研究林隙0 cm地面温度的时空分布格局。[结果]林隙地面温度不同,空间样点之间存在异质性,且异质性的强度、尺度和空间结构组成随时间的延长而改变,各月0 cm平均地面温度斑块形状复杂,林隙0 cm地面温度从大到小依次为6、7、8、9月,月平均0 cm地温的最大值和最小值分布位置不固定,同一月份地面温度从大到小为空旷地、林隙、郁闭林分。[结论]该研究可为红松阔叶混交林的可持续经营提供基础数据和理论参考。     

70cm温度与百叶箱温度的差异分析

通过对德州2008年1月1日～12月31日70 cm高度温度与百叶箱温度的差值分析,发现二者差值存在明显的日变化和年变化：08：00,冬半年,T70比T150低或接近,在-0.58～0.36 ℃变化;夏半年,T70比T150高,在0.52～0.88 ℃变化。14：00,全年T70比T150都高出较多,在1.06～2.00 ℃变化。20：00,全年在-0.51～-1.79 ℃变化。日平均温度差值变化趋势与08：00相似,1～3月和9～12月,二者差值在-0.15～0.41 ℃变化;4～8月在0.46～0.61 ℃变化。由于多数农作物如小麦、大豆、水稻、棉花、辣椒、茄子、西红柿等的生长高度在70 cm左右,所以70 cm高度温度更能为其建立生长、发育、成熟、采摘的气象指标。由此说明,气象部门不但要保留原来的百叶箱温度观测,还应该根据当地规模化生产特点开展相应层次的气象要素观测,为防灾减灾提供更加准确的气象观测数据。     

大豆45 cm双条密植栽培技术总结

介绍大豆窄行密植栽培技术的增产效果.海伦市近几年大豆窄行密植推广面积逐渐加大,该技术既集成了大豆"垄三"栽培的技术优势,又汲取了大豆平作密植的技术精华,可操作性强,增产显著.     

大豆生态研究──Ⅵ．大豆叶片感光效应与生长发育关系的研究

叶片是感光部位。子叶和未展开叶的感光效应确定开花节位，叶片的感光效应确定生长速度。不论短光或长光叶片，均以延长开花天数中９０％的时间用于提高开花节位，以延长开花天数中１０％的时间用于增长叶龄．短光叶片生长速度全用于由于叶和未展开叶确定的开花节位，反应短光促进发育。长光叶片生长速度增长叶龄同时，提高开花节位，反应长光促进生长．叶片在扩大生长中产生的感光效应上递３节，在上递过程中发生感光效应综合平衡作用．复叶发生始到定形为展开感光效应持续期。本文还提出研究大豆光温生态的适宜光温条件。