Emission of dimethyl sulfide,carbonyl sulfide,and carbon bisulfide from paddy fields

Abstract

Emission rates of dimethyl sulficle (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and carbon disulfide (CS₂) to the atmosphere from paddy fields at Ryugasaki, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan were measured by using the closed chamber method. DMS was emitted mainly through the rice plant and its emission rate was much higher than those of COS and CS₂. During a cropping period COS was slightly absorbed by the rice plant. Significant diurnal and seasonal variations of DMS iuxes were observed. The highest DMS iux was observed immediately after the heading day of rice plant. The annual DMS emission rate was in the order of mineral plot > straw plot > no-N plot, ranging from 4.5 to 6.9 mg S m^-2 yr^-1. The annual COS emission rate was in the order of straw plot > no-N plot > mineral plot, ranging from -0.2 to 1.8 mg S m^-2 yr^-1. The annual CS₂ emission rate was slightly higher in the straw plot, ranging from 0.9 to 2.0 mg S m^-2 yr^-1.     

Effects of Shengmai San on oxidative damage in mentally stressed mice

AIM: To investigate the preventive effects of Shengmai San (SMS) on oxidative damage in mentally stressed mice.METHODS: An oxidative stress mouse model was established by moustache-removed. Protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation were determined as the oxidative stress markers.RESULTS: (1)Moustache-cut was founded to significantly enhance the behavioral movements of mice, especially large movements (movement 2 and rearing). SMS pre-administration inhibited the accelerated movements. (2) Protein carbonyl was increased in brain, heart, liver and kidney. TBARS in liver and heart increased in the moustache-cut mice, but SMS pretreatment inhibited the increased protein carbonyl and TBARS.CONCLUSION: SMS has the preventive effects on oxidative damage induced by emotional stress.     

烟气中挥发性羰基化合物与卷烟味觉特性相关性研究

[目的]研究烟气中挥发性羰基化合物与卷烟味觉特性的相关性.[方法]通过简单相关分析、偏相关分析和通径分析方法分析了48个烟叶样本中8种挥发性羰基化合物释放量对卷烟味觉特征的影响.[结果]试验表明,甲醛、丙酮、丙烯醛与烟气味觉特征各指标基本都呈显著或极显著正相关,丁醛等与味觉特征没有显著相关性,其中甲醛与苦味,丙烯醛、丙酮与甜味呈良好线性相关,乙醛、丙醛与味觉特征相应显著性指标呈多元线性相关.[结论]研究确定了挥发性羰基化合物对烟气口感特征的影响规律,可为卷烟生产开发更适消费者喜好的产品提供参考依据.     

金华火腿传统加工过程中脂质分解氧化及其相关性研究

通过对金华火腿传统加工过程中游离脂肪酸（FFA）、硫代巴比妥酸（TBARS）及双烯值和羰基值等的分析,研究其在加工过程中的脂质分解氧化规律及其与温度条件的相关性。结果表明：棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸是火腿中FFA的主要成分,在成熟结束时占FFA总量的93．58％,多不饱和脂肪酸由亚油酸占主导地位;在加工过程中各种FFA均先降低再增加,其总量在发酵中期达到最高点;高温成熟促进脂质分解,同时加速不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,使多不饱和脂肪酸含量和TBARS显著地降低;双烯值、羰基值与温度呈正相关（R^2分别为0．9388和0．8416）。     

氧硫化碳及其混剂熏杀松材线虫效果研究

氧硫化碳(COS)作为一种潜在的溴甲烷替代熏蒸剂,日益引起广泛关注。本文以松材线虫为研究对象,首先探讨了氧硫化碳熏蒸松材线虫时,温度和时间因子对其杀灭效果的影响。其次,配制了氧硫化碳和硫酰氟(SO_2F_2)的混剂,分析了不同体积比的混剂对松材线虫的熏杀效果。结果表明,温度和时间是影响氧硫化碳熏杀松材线虫效果的关键因素,熏杀效果随温度和时间的增加而提高;在25℃的条件下,氧硫化碳投药剂量为156.33 g/m~3,熏蒸时间为48 h,确保熏蒸散气前的CT值为3773.79 g·h/m~3时,松材线虫全部死亡;添加10%、30%和50%体积比的硫酰氟对氧硫化碳的熏杀效果增效明显,其中添加50%体积比的硫酰氟后,只需加入89.67 g/m~3的氧硫化碳和70.45 g/m~3的硫酰氟的混剂,即可使松材线虫全部死亡。     

儿茶素抑制蛋白质类老年色素荧光物质生成活性的研究

丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)是机体内普遍存在的活性羰基化合物代表成分之一,能够与蛋白质发生羰-氨交联反应,生成老年色素荧光物质。本文探讨儿茶素单体成分对MDA应激引起的蛋白质类老年色素荧光物质生成体系的影响,并对其构效关系进行初步分析。结果表明:儿茶素能显著抑制MDA诱导的蛋白质类老年色素物质生成,且酯型儿茶素活性较强,抑制作用除与直接清除MDA外,还与其结构的亲核性有关。本研究从一个新的角度揭示了儿茶素抑制羰-氨交联反应是其预防和治疗羰基应激相关疾病的潜在作用机制之一。     

BCATI改性丙烯酸环氧酯的合成与成膜

采用自制４－丁氧甲酰氨基甲苯２－异氰酸酯中的异氰酸基与自制丙烯酸环氧酯中羟基上的活泼氢反应，得到本类改性树脂，经优选试验，找到本类改性树脂的成膜条件，所得清漆基本性能良好，有实用前景。     

Effects of competition on acute phase proteins and lymphocyte subpopulations – oxidative stress markers in eventing horses

The aim of the study was to evaluate markers of the acute phase response (APR) in eventing horses by measuring acute phase proteins (APP) (haptoglobin, Hp, and serum amyloid A, SAA), lysozyme, protein adducts such as pentosidine‐like adducts (PENT), malondialdehyde adducts (MDA), hydroxynonenal adducts (HNE) and total advanced glycation/glycoxidation end products (AGEs), complete blood count and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+ and CD21+) both at rest and at the end of an eventing competition. Blood samples were collected from eight Warmblood horses (medium age 10 ± 3) during an official national 2‐day event competition at rest (R) and 10 min after the arrival of the cross‐country test on the second day. Exercise caused a significant increase in red blood cell number, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, neutrophils, white blood cell and lymphocyte number; however, these values remained within the normal range. The CD4+ and CD8+ cells significantly increased, whereas the CD21+ lymphocytes decreased; a significant increase in serum SAA, lysozyme and protein carbonyl derivates was also observed. Two‐day event causes significant changes in APR markers such as lysozyme, protein carbonyl derivates (HNE, AGEs, PENT) and lymphocyte subpopulations. The data support the hypothesis that 2‐day event may alter significantly APR markers. Limitations of the study were the relatively small sample size and sampling time conditioned by the official regulations of the event. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the time required for recovery to basal values in order to define the possible effects on the immune function of the athlete horse.     

Safety issues of methylglyoxal and potential scavengers

The health safety of methylglyoxal (MGO) has been recognized as a key issue owing to its ultra-high reactivity toward some key biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, DNA, sulfhydryl- and basic nitrogen-containing compounds, including amino-bearing neurotransmitters. In this review, we have summarized the endo- and exogenous sources of MGO and its accumulation inside the body due to high intake, abnormal glucose metabolism and or malfunctioning glyoxalases, and review the debate concerning the adverse functionality of MGO ingested from foods. Higher than normal concentrations of MGO in the circulatory system and tissues have been found to be closely associated with the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), increased oxidative stress, elevated inflammation and RAGE (AGE receptors) activity, which subsequently progresses to a pathological stage of human health, such as diabetes complications, cancer, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. Having illustrated the mechanisms of MGO trapping in vivo, we advocate the development of efficient and efficacious MGO scavengers, either assisting or enhancing the activity of endogenous glyoxalases to facilitate MGO removal, or providing phytochemicals and functional foods containing them, or pharmaceuticals to irreversibly bind MGO and thus form MGO-complexes that are cleared from the body.     

基于三阶段DEA的中国马铃薯主产区生产效率分析

为了解中国马铃薯主产区马铃薯生产技术效率,本文运用DEA三阶段模型对2012年中国14个马铃薯主产省的马铃薯产业进行了排除环境变量和统计噪音影响的技术效率分析。结果表明：马铃薯生产率受到了各地经济发展水平、商品率、受灾率等环境变量和随机变量的影响;在同等环境和运气的条件下,各马铃薯主产省的纯技术效率差异相对较小,均处于较高水平;规模效率差异较大,整体水平不高;规模效率成为了制约马铃薯技术效率的瓶颈。由此得出结论,要提高中国马铃薯生产技术效率应从生产规模和宏观环境2个方面入手。