艺术设计中“图”与“底”的关系

人们关注的中心为“图”,背景的部分为“底”,“图形”与“基底”的关系指一个封闭的式样与另一个和它同质的非封闭的背景之间的关系。图底关系理论在城市建筑设计中大有可为。     

Selecting Bid with Reasonably Low Price Without Bottom Price Based On Sector Estimate

For raveling out the main shortage of tendering which is the reasonable sector is unreasonable of making the bid evaluation uncertain. In order to eliminate subjective factor, this paper quantificationally analyses the price in bidding and establishes the sector selecting bid model based on the sector estimate idea, which tries to provide a new method and academic basic for determining the reasonable sector. Finally, the article gives an example to prove that the model is feasible and effective and it tries to ensure the bidding assessment public, equitable and just.     

基于MDT的双翼翻土防漏耕犁的犁体曲面展开

介绍一种基于MDT的犁壁曲面双样板曲线近似展开法，在MDT平台上直接用直线投影法求样板曲线，并直接将正视图投影到三维犁曲面上求各元线实长，减少了计算工作量，具有快捷方便的优点，该方法已用于双翼翻土防漏耕犁的设计，效果良好。     

弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽水位流量关系数值模拟

目前为适应我国多数渠道断面方式和灌区管理方式,开发研制新型量水配套设施对灌区节水起着至关重要的作用。利用Fluent 6.3大型流体力学数值仿真软件,结合有限体积法、RNG k-ε湍流模型和VOF模型,在不同渠道底坡上对不同量水槽水位流量进行数值模拟试验研究。结果表明:（1）量水槽流态上游水面平稳属于缓流,量水槽槽内水流为急流,可知由缓流过度到急流必然会发生临界流,量水槽沿程弗劳德数可知量水槽喉口附近扩散段内产生临界流;（2）弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽具有较好的水位流量关系,渠道收缩比ε与渠道比降i对形成单值稳定的水位流量关系有较大的影响,随着渠道尺寸增大同时收缩比ε减小,量水槽水位流量逐渐在较大的底坡范围内形成统一的水位流量关系。（3）流量系数与量水槽宽和收缩比具有较好的线性关系,同时流量系数随R,H、ε的增大而变大,回归分析建立的量水槽流量公式,测流公式平均误差值小于5%,说明弧底梯形渠道无喉道量水槽测流是可行的,满足明渠测流要求。研究成果对灌区渠道量水槽的设计优化提供了一定的参考和建议。     

地下滴灌抗根系入侵堵塞的研究进展

作物根系入侵滴头造成堵塞是影响地下滴灌系统运行的一个重要原因,目前国内外解决根系入侵堵塞的主要方法有：生产专用滴头和过滤器,滴头包括从结构上改进以防止根系入侵以及从滴头材料中添加缓释的除草荆氟乐灵来避免根系向滴头附近生长两种方式;专用过滤器是在过滤器内部安装放置除草剂氟乐灵的密封装置,过滤时氟乐灵随水进入滴头,起到防止根系入侵滴头的作用;向地下滴灌系统注入化学物质来杀死滴灌周围的根系;合理控制系统运行状况,避免出现水分胁迫等。     

Tillage and land use effects on soil microporosity in Ohio, USA and Kolombangara, Solomon Islands

Micropores are important to soil moisture retention and plant growth. Microporosity and pore size distribution were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetery on aggregates from 35-year-old experiments started in 1962 at Wooster (40.5 °N, 82 °W) and South Charleston (39.8 °N, 84 °W) in Ohio, USA and from three land use practices on Kolombangara (8 °S, 157 °E) in Solomon Islands. Tillage treatments in Ohio included: moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP), and no-till (NT) with continuous corn. The land use treatments in Kolombangara included: natural forest (NF), traditional farming (TF) and topsoil removal (TR). Pore size measured in aggregates ranged from 0.2 to 100 μm in diameter. Median pore radius was significantly (P < 0.05) larger for NT than for MP and CP treatments at Wooster, but not at South Charleston. Tillage treatments had significant effect on the volume of both storage and residual pores for both sites in Ohio. Volume of storage and residual pores were higher for Wooster than South Charleston soil. At Kolombangara, the NF treatment had significantly larger median and peak pore radii, and microporosity than TF and TR treatments. There was, however, no significant difference among treatments in the volume of pore size distribution. These data support a recommendation for adoption of no-till or conservation tillage in soils of the temperate region, and of minimal disturbance and effective erosion control in soils of the tropics.     

千岛湖底泥重金属污染的生态风险评价

水体底泥污染是世界范围内的一个环境问题,污染物通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶与冲刷等途径进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到污染。千岛湖不同监测点底泥Cu、Zn、M n、Pb、Cd、A s、Hg等重金属含量存在差异。大坝前、毛竹源和三潭岛监测点M n、A s和Hg含量较高。不同采样点,底泥重金属污染度有差异,表现为毛竹源>三潭岛>航头岛>茅头尖>大坝前>排岭水厂>街口,毛竹源测点底泥重金属污染风险最高,街口重金属污染风险最低。     

芜湖市镜湖底泥TN、TP、重金属污染及其对上覆水体的影响

采集镜湖底泥及水样,研究底泥中重金属的污染现状,分析底泥TN、TP重金属与上覆水体相同成分的相关性,结果表明：（1）镜湖底泥TN、TP与水体TN、TP含量呈有著相关性,底泥N？P释放再悬浮是镜湖水体TN、TP来源之一。（2）镜湖除Cd严重超标外,Cu？Zn？Pb含量都很低;Cd（n）与Cd（w）有较好的负相关性,Cu（n）与Cu（w）？Zn（n）与Zn（w）？Pb（n）与Pb（w）相关性差。本研究为有关部门治理和管理镜湖提供理论依据。     

基于动态Agent的分布式入侵检测系统设计与实现

研究分析了公共入侵检测框架理论及入侵检测的实现策略,给出了一种基于 Agent 的分布式入侵检测模型;设计了一个基于动态 Agent 的分布式入侵检测系统,介绍了它的工作原理,系统整体结构,事件产生器、分析器、响应器和事件库的设计等。该系统具有良好的分布性、扩展性。