Enhancement of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larval growth by dietary vitamin E in relation to two different levels of essential fatty acids

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth and survival, at two different highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) levels. Eighteen days old gilthead seabream larvae were fed four formulated experimental diets combining two different dietary levels of HUFAs (M: medium 2.5 + 1.5, DHA + EPA, H: high 5 + 2.5 DHA + EPA g per 100 g) with two different levels of vitamin E (M: medium 540 mg kg^?1, H: high 2900 mg kg^?1): MM, MH, HM, HH (HUFA/vitamin E). After 2‐week feeding trial, the average survival rate was 52.6% and there were no significant differences found among treatments. Increase in vitamin E up to high level markedly improved larval growth, particularly when dietary HUFA levels were lower, suggesting a higher protection value when these fatty acids are more limiting. At medium dietary HUFA levels, increase in vitamin E from medium to high level enhanced larval growth performance in terms of total length. Moreover, increase in vit E enhanced HUFAs content in the larval polar lipids denoting the anti‐oxidative effect of vitamin E.     

MS-222对鳊鱼麻醉保活运输效果的研究

为研究MS-222对鳊鱼保活运输的影响,分析比较了在不同质量浓度MS-222(0、20、40、60、80、100 mg/L和120 mg/L)、不同水温(2、7、15、20℃)和不同鱼水质量比(2∶1、1∶1、1∶3、1∶5)下鳊鱼的存活率,从而确定及筛选最佳的保活运输条件,并检测和分析在保活运输试验中水质指标和鱼体生化指标的变化和影响。试验结果显示,当MS-222质量浓度为60 mg/L、水温7℃、鱼水比1∶3时,保活时间最长,鱼体存活率最高;随着保活时间的延长,水体指标中氨氮含量、微生物、pH均呈上升趋势,而溶解氧水平则呈下降趋势;在鱼体指标中,肌肉中糖原、pH下降,乳酸含量上升;在血液指标中乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、血糖、尿素和肌酐均显著增加(P<0.05),说明随着保活时间的延长,鱼体肝脏和肾脏组织代谢水平受到一定的影响,但其变化幅度均小于对照组。研究结果表明,在鳊鱼保活过程中可适当使用MS-222麻醉剂以延长存活时间和提高存活率。     

团头鲂肠黏膜益生乳酸菌的分离及体外抗逆性研究

从团头鲂肠黏膜上分离筛选出2株对嗜水气单胞菌有较强的抑制作用的乳酸菌菌株JK-1和JK-2,通过耐受胆盐、耐受pH值、耐受蛋白酶和耐高温等试验对这2株乳酸菌进行体外抗逆性试验研究.其中在胆盐耐受性试验中,JK-1和JK-2在胆盐浓度0.4%、培养4 h时仍有35%以上的存活率;在pH值耐受性试验时,2株乳酸菌均可在一定的酸性和碱性条件下存活;胰蛋白酶对2株菌的存活率没有影响;在70 ℃的高温中,2株乳酸菌均有一定的耐受性.     

鲤、团头鲂精子生理生态特性的研究──Ⅲ．单糖和渗透压对精子活力的影响

作者观察了鲤、团头鲂精子在０（去离子水）－３００毫渗渗透压的Ｄ－半乳糖，Ｄ－葡萄糖和Ｄ－果糖溶液中的活动情况。结果表明，在这三种单糖溶液里，鲤、团头鲂精子活动的变化规律是一致的。精子快速运动和寿命的时间是以在Ｄ－半乳糖溶液中为最长。这两种鱼精子对这三种单糖的吸收、利用存在差别。     

Cloning and expression analysis of innate immune genes from red sea bream to assess different susceptibility to megalocytivirus infection

As suggested by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), fishes belonging to the genus Oplegnathus are more sensitive to megalocytivirus infection than other fish species including red sea bream (Pagrus major). To assess the roles of the innate immune response to these different susceptibilities, we cloned the genes encoding inflammatory factors including IL‐8 and COX‐2, and the antiviral factor like Mx from red sea bream for the first time and performed phylogenetic and structural analysis. Analysed expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐8 and COX‐2 and the antiviral factor like Mx genes performed with in vivo challenge experiment showed no difference in inflammatory gene expression or respiratory burst activity between red sea bream and rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). However, the Mx gene expression levels in red sea bream were markedly higher than those in rock bream, suggesting the importance of type I interferon (IFN)‐induced proteins, particularly Mx, during megalocytivirus infection, rather than inflammation‐related genes. The in vitro challenge experiments using embryonic primary cultures derived from both fish species showed no difference in cytopathic effects (CPE), viral replication profiles, and inflammatory and Mx gene expression pattern between the two fish species.     

Sensory Characteristics of Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Hydrolysate

ABSTRACT

Threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) spray-dried hydro-lysate was prepared using Alcalase at predetermined optimum hydrolysis conditions consisting of pH 8.5, 60°C, 2% enzyme, and 2 h hydrolysis. The hydrolysate was evaluated for its preferred concentration in rice porridge. Its acceptability was compared with sauces and enzyme-treated rice and vegetable hydrolysate. The preferred concentration in rice porridge was found to be 3% (w/v) and bitterness increased with concentration of hydrolysate. Threadfin bream hydrolysate was preferred as much as soy sauce; however, it received a lower score for taste compared to fish sauce. In terms of color, threadfin bream hydrolysate received significantly (p < 0.05) lower score than Flavorzyme and Alcalase treated rice hydrolysate and Vegetable hydrolysate. Low preference to the hydrolysate could probably be due to its greenish yellow color in which the common color for flavorants are brownish. For overall acceptability, no significant difference was observed between threadfin bream hydrolysate and Alcalase-treated rice hydrolysate but was significantly lower than vegetable hydrolysate and Flavorzyme-treated rice hydrolysate.

The hydrolysis of threadfin bream with Alcalase produced hydrolysate having a combination of bitter, umami, salty, sweet and sour tastes with fishy flavor. Bitterness and umami were rated as having an intermediate intensity, salty as between weak and intermediate, and sour and sweet as weak. The three basic tastes for hydrolysate were bitter, umami and salty, with umami and bitterness being the determining tastes.     

Studies on the green liver in cultured red sea bream fed low level and non-fish meal diets: Relationship between hepatic taurine and biliverdin levels

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets. Red sea bream Pagrus major was given either of the following diets for 28 weeks: (1) control diet (50% fish meal), (2) low level fish meal diet (15% fish meal), and (3) non-fish meal diet (0% fish meal). The green liver was observed in all groups tested, but the incidence was much higher in the experimental diet groups. The feeding of substitute protein diets reduced plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, there was no significant difference in plasma hepatic enzyme activities and plasma bile salts concentration among the treatments. Fish fed the substitute protein diets showed low hepatic taurine levels with an appearance of a biliverdin in the liver. Moreover, the proportion of ditaurobilirubin to total biliary bile pigments was significantly lower in fish fed the substitute protein diets. These data indicate that feeding of substitute protein diets did not induce any cholestatic hepatobiliary obstructions and that the low hepatic taurine level was one of the probable factors responsible for the occurrence of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets.     

全氟辛烷磺酸钾对真鲷谷胱甘肽质量分数和谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性的影响

为了解全氟辛烷磺酸钾（PFOS）对海洋鱼类抗氧化防御系统的毒性效应及致毒机理,在实验室条件下研究了PFOS胁迫和净水恢复过程中真鲷（Pagrosomus major）鳃组织和肝脏组织内谷胱甘肽（GSH）质量分数与谷胱甘肽转硫酶（GST）活性的变化。结果显示,胁迫开始时鳃中w（GSH）在低浓度组出现诱导,中、高浓度组出现抑制现象,随着胁迫时间的延长,各浓度组处于显著诱导水平（P〈0.01）;肝脏中w（GSH）在胁迫第15天时各浓度组中出现显著的剂量效应,w（GSH）随着PFOS曝露浓度的升高而降低。真鲷2种组织的GST活性变化与各自组织中w（GSH）的变化趋势相近。净水恢复期内个别浓度组的指标恢复到对照组水平,说明真鲷可以修复PFOS胁迫造成的损伤。结果表明,PFOS在试验条件下对真鲷有显著的毒性作用,可能对海洋高等生物存在潜在性危害,应对其海洋环境风险评价加以关注。     

肌醇对氨氮应激下团头鲂幼鱼免疫的影响

为了研究氨氮应激下肌醇对团头鲂幼鱼免疫的影响,实验选择初均重为(3.40±0.07)g的健康团头鲂幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,分别投喂含肌醇0、101.2、202.3、404.8、809.1和1 616.4 mg/kg的精制饲料,实验期为90 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,氨氮应激前,404.8 mg/kg肌醇添加组显著提高了团头鲂幼鱼淋巴细胞百分比、补体3、补体4和血液呼吸爆发活性(P0.05);氨氮应激12 h,404.8和809.1 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血液白细胞、红细胞、淋巴细胞百分比、血红蛋白和血清补体3、补体4水平显著升高(P0.05),皮质醇水平显著降低(P0.05),202.3和404.8 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血细胞呼吸爆发活性显著提高(P0.05);氨氮应激72 h,404.8 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血液白细胞、红细胞、淋巴细胞百分比、血红蛋白、血清补体3和血细胞呼吸爆发活性显著升高(P0.05),皮质醇水平显著下降(P0.05),809.1 mg/kg肌醇添加组的血清补体4水平显著升高(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加适量的肌醇(404.8 mg/kg)即可增强团头鲂幼鱼的免疫力,对团头鲂幼鱼抗氨氮应激起到了一定的保护作用。