外源甜菜碱对作物的抗旱作用效果研究

通过小麦浸种、水培、大面积喷施和茄子盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度外源甜菜碱对作物的抗旱作用效果。结果表明:外源甜菜碱浓度为25～50mg/L时可促进小麦种子发芽,光合作用强度[达7.07～7.57μmol/(s·m~2)]及生物学产量增加;在外源甜菜碱浓度100 mg/L时小麦幼苗叶片硝酸还原酶活性最高,达到35.23μg/(g·h),同时小麦抗旱性增强。数学模式寻优结果表明:在外源甜菜碱浓度26.4～68.9mg/L,土壤水分含量12.6％～20.7％时,可获得最佳的茄子生物总量。     

旱作条件下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究

在旱作条件下,对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的3个品系(52-7、51-15、51-22)、受体亲本中花8号(ck1)和当地推广的以色列陆稻白珍珠(ck2)的籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较分析。结果表明:5个品种(系)的强、弱势粒灌浆过程均符合Richards模型,强、弱势粒灌浆为异步灌浆型。三个转BADH基因品系与其受体亲本相比,强、弱势粒的灌浆速率提高,活跃灌浆期延长,灌浆高峰期的籽粒重增加;籽粒灌浆中、后期,强势粒的灌浆天数缩短,强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率提高,且不同粒位籽粒灌浆速率差异减小,最终使不同粒位籽粒大小的差异缩小和粒重增加。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和灌浆高峰期的粒重与千粒重存在显著正相关。     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

外源甜菜碱对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响

研究了外源甜菜碱对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响,结果表明,外源甜菜碱能提高香蕉幼苗叶片的脯氨酸(Pro)含量,减少O2·-的积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASP)的活性,维持质膜的稳定性,从而有效地提高香蕉幼苗的抗冷能力,其中以甜菜碱10.0 mmol/L的保护效果最好.     

3种外源植物生长调节剂对干旱胁迫下烟草生理的影响

以K326品种烤烟为试验材料,采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫下烤烟生长与生理状况,以及喷施水杨酸、甜菜碱和氯化胆碱对烤烟抗氧化代谢影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制烤烟正常生长,烟株矮小,有效叶片数目少,茎干瘦弱,叶长变短及叶宽变窄。喷施植物生长调节剂可以缓解干旱胁迫症状,喷施氯化胆碱能有效增加株高、最大叶长、有效叶片数,提高烟株干重、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶酶(SOD)活性;喷施甜菜碱对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有较好调节效应;喷施水杨酸能显著提高过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高烤烟茎围和最大叶宽。综上所述,植物生长调节剂能提高烟株耐旱性,增强烟株对干旱环境适应性,其中以喷施氯化胆碱效果最佳。     

中药-甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响

本试验通过研究中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响,筛选出其最佳添加剂量,为进一步开发抗高温应激中药饲料添加剂提供参考.选用288只三黄鸡,公、母各半.育雏2周后,随机分为8组,在日粮中添加中药、中药-甜菜碱或甜菜碱,分别测定33～35日龄、56～58日龄及88～90日龄鸡的钙、磷代谢率,蛋白质、能量代谢率,以及在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重.结果显示,与高温对照组相比,(1)在33～35日龄段,添加中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量、体增重;(2)在56～58日龄段,添加中药组、中药-甜菜碱组及甜菜碱组均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重以及公鸡的能量利用率;(3)在88～90日龄段,中药、中药-甜菜碱和甜菜碱均能显著提高高温环境中公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量,公鸡的能量利用率和体增重.中药-甜菜碱复方抗三黄鸡热应激的最佳添加量为0.8%中药 0.2%甜菜碱.     

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.     

中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡某些血液生化指标的影响

试验选取15日龄的三黄鸡288只,随机分为8组。高温对照组仅喂基础日粮,中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%的中药,中药-甜菜碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱,甜菜碱组在基础日粮中添加0.2%甜菜碱,探讨中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果:①42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清血糖含量分别比高温对照组高26.5%(P<0.05)、19.4%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清血糖含量比高温对照组高24.3%(P<0.05);②42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高34.5%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高18.8%(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,中药甜菜碱复方能提高高温环境下三黄鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖的含量,以在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱复方效果最明显。     

甜菜碱含量的测定方法比较

甜菜碱含量的测定方法有很多种,包括酸碱滴定法、紫外分光光度法、高氯酸非水滴定法、离子色谱法等。各种方法均有其优缺点,综合考虑,离子色谱法与非水滴定法的测定结果较好。为比较这两种方法哪种更准确、更方便,设计如下实验。选取5种含量不同的甜菜碱产品,分别用非水滴方法和离子色谱法测定5种产品的甜菜碱含量。实验结果表明,离子色谱法测定的甜菜碱含量与真实值较接近,非水滴定法测定的甜菜碱含量比真实值偏高。     

不同时期添加甜菜碱对肉鸡生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响

36 0只 1日龄健康艾维茵 (Avian)肉鸡随机分为 6组 (每组 6 0只 ) ,分别为对照组和第 、 、 、 、 组 ,试验期7周。第 ～ 组分别于不同时期添加同一剂量的甜菜碱 (10 0 0 mg/ kg,0 .1% ) ,添加时间依次为 1～ 7周 ,2～ 4周 ,3～ 5周 ,4～ 6周 ,5～ 7周。结果表明 :不同时期添加甜菜碱均能促进肉鸡体增重 ,降低腹脂率 ,与对照组相比 ,第 、 、 、 、 组 7周末体质量分别高出 8.0 1% (P<0 .0 1)、5 .0 1% (P<0 .0 5 )、4 .4 7% (P<0 .0 5 )、2 .2 4 % (P>0 .0 5 )、2 .0 9% (P>0 .0 5 ) ;腹脂率分别降低 19.5 6 % (P<0 .0 1)、6 .0 9% (P<0 .0 5 )、13.4 8% (P<0 .0 1)、15 .6 5 % (P<0 .0 1)、12 .17% (P<0 .0 5 ) ;第 组体质量在第 3、4周末超过第 组 ,从 6周龄开始 ,各组间体质量差异逐渐缩小 ;试验组皮脂厚度 ,胸、腿肌中甘油三酯含量较对照组有不同程度增加 (厚 ) ,但肝脏中甘油三酯含量各试验组均低于对照组 ;血清生化指标动态变化呈现一定的规律性 ,其中血清总蛋白含量较稳定 ,总氨基酸含量随周龄逐渐升高 ,甘油三酯 5～ 6周高于 1～ 3周 ,游离脂肪酸含量随周龄呈下降趋势 ,血清尿酸呈现缓 U型变化曲线。结论 :(1)不同时期添加 0 .1%甜菜碱可促进肉鸡体增重 ,降低腹脂率 ,引起体内脂肪重新分