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1.
环境噪声是环境质量评价的重要指标。通过噪声监测实验,记录了华中师范大学校园内的噪声污染数据,根据国家标准评估了校园环境噪声状况。试验采用网络剖分法,分别于昼间7:30~10:00和夜间22:00~22:55两个时间段对等效声级进行了测定。实验结果表明:昼间噪声污染更为严重,平均噪声超标率达到26%,夜间噪声污染相对较轻,但噪声超标率也达到19%。校园内不同功能区的噪声来源不同,工程施工产生的噪声是主要的污染源,影响比重达到58%。根据实验结果,校园声环境质量一般,需要对现状提出合理的改进建议。 相似文献
2.
为了筛选出适合闽南北部山地栽培的优良卷荚相思家系,华安金山国有林场优选9个卷荚相思家系进行造林试验,对不同家系林分的生长性状、适应性和抗逆性进行对比分析。结果表明,参试家系均表现出较强的抗风性和抗寒性,可以适应闽南北部区域环境。但不同家系的树高、胸径、材积和枝下高差异显著或极显著,其中Z5和Z7家系的生长表现优于其他家系,其树高、胸径、材积、枝下高比群体均值分别提高10.80%~11.59%、11.85%~15.05%、35.62%~41.78%和10.98%~13.41%。Z5和Z7家系初步评价为优良家系,可作为卷荚相思在闽南北部推广造林的推荐材料。 相似文献
3.
为掌握典型药物在农作物中的污染特征及健康风险,保障农产品质量安全,利用超声萃取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,对围场县全县马铃薯中5大类(磺胺类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类及其他类)25种药物污染水平及富集效果进行了调查,并对健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,有20种目标物被检出,不同目标物检出率差异显著,检出含量范围为0.13~3.67μg·kg-1,单种污染物最高检出含量为17.0μg·kg-1。马铃薯对目标污染物的富集系数范围在0.01~39.6之间,最大富集系数为61.8。畜禽粪便是马铃薯中药物残留的主要来源,尽管整体检出水平和健康风险相对较低,但长期摄入与协同作用引发的潜在健康风险不容忽视。因此,仍需严控污染源头,推进畜禽粪便安全资源化利用,确保农田环境质量及农产品安全品质。 相似文献
4.
浙江省油菜花期降水量风险评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对浙江省66个县市(区)1971—2014年油菜花期降水量及油菜产量资料进行统计分析,并基于信息扩散的风险评估模型,对浙江省油菜花期降水量在各级降水量下的超越概率进行计算分析,评估各地油菜花期面临的旱涝风险;同时分析了浙江省油菜花期各级降水量风险值与油菜产量变化之间的关系。结果表明:油菜花期降水量严重过剩的风险高值区主要位于浙西南地区,降水量短缺风险高值区主要位于浙江省沿海岛屿及宁波的部分县市;浙江省油菜花期降水量短缺基本可以通过灌溉得到改善,但油菜减产与花期降水量过多显著相关,油菜花期降水量300 mm是油菜是否减产的阈值。该结果可为油菜种植合理布局及农业保险政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland
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The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km2 grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km2 grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits. 相似文献
6.
为了明确几种分析方法对杂种棉后代综合评价的异同,于2002-2003年通过聚类分析、关联度分析以及多目标综合值评定分析原理对10个杂种棉后代在不同生态点的主要农艺及经济性状进行了分析.结果表明:3种分析方法对杂种棉后代的综合评价趋势基本上一致.从纤维品质来看,以湘Z-010,湘Z-004,湘Z-008,湘Z-007纤维品质较好.从产量性状来考虑,以湘Z-001,湘Z-002,湘Z-004产量较高.从湖南定位50-60支纱区划方针和产量性状来看,以湘Z-004表现最好,属于高产优质品种. 相似文献
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9.
The influence of sampling scheme and interpolation method on the power to detect spatial effects of forest birds in Ontario (Canada) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spatial ecology is becoming an increasingly important component of resource management, and the general monitoring of how
human activities affect the distribution and abundance of wildlife. Yet most work on the reliability of sampling strategies
is based on a non-spatial analysis of variance paradigm, and little work has been done assessing the power of alternative
spatial methods for creating reliable maps of animal abundance. Such a map forms a critical response variable for multiple
scale studies relating landscape structure to biotic function. The power to reconstruct patterns of distribution and abundance
is influenced by sample placement strategy and density, the nature of spatial auto-correlation among points, and by the technique
used to extrapolate points into an animal abundance map. Faced with uncertainty concerning the influence of these factors,
we chose to first synthesize a model reference system of known properties and then evaluate the relative performance of alternative
sampling and mapping procedures using it. We used published habitat associations of tree nesting boreal neo-tropical birds,
a classified habitat map from the Manitou Lakes area of northwestern Ontario, and point count means and variances determined
from field studies in boreal Canada to create 4 simulated models of avian abundance to function as reference maps. Four point
sampling strategies were evaluated by 4 spatial mapping methods. We found mixed-cluster sampling to be an effective point
sampling strategy, particularly when high habitat fragmentation was avoided by restricting samples to habitat patches >10
ha in size. We also found that of the 4 mapping methods, only stratified ordinary point kriging (OPK) was able to generate
maps that reproduced an embedded landscape-scale spatial effect that reduced nesting bird abundance in areas of higher forest
age-class fragmentation. Global OPK was effective only for detecting broader, regional-scale differences.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
水稻旱作对其生长量和经济产量的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
1998~1999年,研究了水稻旱作条件下,不同生育时期受水分胁迫后对作物生长量的影响。结果表明:不同指标对水分胁迫时期的敏感性不一,植株高度对抽穗期水分胁迫最敏感;单株绿叶面积和单株地上部干重对幼穗分化后期水分胁迫最敏感;根系干重和根冠比对幼穗分化前期水分胁迫最敏感;幼穗分化后期水分胁迫对经济产量影响程度最大,无效分蘖期水分胁迫对产量影响程度最小。 相似文献