浅谈成人应用文写作教学的基本原则

成人应用文写作教学应结合成人特点，认真贯彻科学性与思想性相结合、理论与实际相结合、智力因素与非智力因素相结合、统一要求与因材施教相结合等基本教学原则，切实提高教学效果。     

姜片虫虫体抗原氨基酸的测定

本文报道4种方法制备姜片虫虫体抗原,进行氨基酸组成的测定。其氨基酸总量(mg/100ml)结果显示:Ag-F1:608.50;Ag-F2:645.80;Ag-F3:357.14;Ag-F4:501.40;以 Ag-F3总量为最低,但值得重视的是 Ag-F3的丙氨酸(8.34),组氨酸(8.60),甘氨酸(11.00);苏氨酸(12.00),均显著降低。而 Ag-F4的组氨酸(4.80)为17种氨基酸含量最低者。其原因有待探讨。     

Effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65 of lung tissue in acute lung injury rats

AIM: To study the effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue of acute lung injury (ALI) rats. METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, model control, dectancyl group, water soluble derivative of propolis (WSP) group and ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) group. ALI animal model was performed by oleic acid and LPS twice attack. The pathologic slice was observed with light microscope and the NF-κB p65 activity and CD54 expression were tested by immunohistochemistry (SABC and SP). RESULTS: Both EEP and WSP antagonized the lung edema, decreased the inflammation and inhibited the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION: The increase in the expression of CD54 and the activation of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues of ALI were involved in the formation of ALI. Propolis ameliorated the lung damage, which maybe related to the inhibition of CD54 expression and NF-κB p65 activation.     

Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide

AIM: To investigate effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. METHODS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded with model 6280 physiology intelligentialize grapher, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) concentrations in plasma were measured after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or following LPS ,ANP was injected into vein in rats. After experiment,lung water as well as pulmonary histopathological changes was measured and observed, respectively. RESULTS: Administration of LPS elicited a persistence decrease in MAP (8.1 kPa±2.6 kPa,at 4 h,P<0.01 vs control); NO and ET concentration in plasma was evident higher than that in control group, respectively (P<0.01); Wet-dry ratio of lung was higher than that in control group (5.15±0.43,at 4 h) (P<0.05); Alveolus detelectasis was observed and pulmonary mesenchyme was thicker than that in control group. No erythrocyte and leukocytes in alveolus,which show an interstitial pulmonary edema, was observed in LPS+ANP group, ANP maintained MAP at higher levels (13.35 kPa±2.93 kPa, at 4 h, P<0.05 vs LPS) after an transient decline when LPS was injected; NO and ET concentration of plasma had all significantly decrease, respectively (P<0.05 vs LPS, at 4 h); Wet-dry ratio of lung was lower than LPS group (4.57±0.35, P<0.05). Compared with control group the ratio was not evident difference (P>0.05); The histopathological of lung displayed markedly improved. CONCLUSION: ANP attenuates ALI induced by LPS in the rat. The effect of ANP may be via decreasing secretion of ET,NO and regulation arterial blood pressure.     

中华绒螯蟹免疫因子-溶菌酶的初步研究

研究了在自然状态下中华绒螯蟹成蟹血淋巴和大眼幼体组织匀浆上清液中溶菌酶的活性。结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹成蟹血淋巴中均检测出溶菌酶的活性,为(0.0286±0.0081)活力单位(n=30),而在中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体组织匀浆上清液中亦检测到溶菌酶的活性,为(0.0318±0.0073)活力单位(n=4)。     

湖南柑橘大实蝇成虫生物学研究

对柑橘大实蝇成虫羽化期、田间消长规律及活动习性的研究,结果表明：1、三个观察点成虫羽化始见日至羽化高峰的时间都在5-10天左右,羽化期为16-19天,2011年麻阳的成虫始见日和羽化高峰期比2010年提前了5-8天,2011年长沙的羽化始见日和羽化高峰期都比麻阳稍早2-4天。2、成虫从羽化至基本死亡共持续84天。成虫在田间的始见日和高峰期分别处在5月下旬和6月中下旬,2010年成虫的田间始见日和高峰期都比2011年迟5至7天。3、成虫在交配产卵前,很少飞往柑橘树上,而在橘园及周围杂草或灌木丛中觅食、栖息;当气温超过30℃,成虫飞往橘园周边高大乔木或草丛中避暑,下午16∶00以后飞往柑橘树上产卵。     

黄地老虎成虫对15种植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应

【目的】 筛选对黄地老虎Agrotis segetum雌性成虫具有引诱活性的植物挥发物,为黄地老虎食诱剂的研发提供候选物质【方法】 利用触角电位仪(EAG)测试黄地老虎雌性成虫对15种植物挥发物的电生理反应,通过风洞试验,评价每种物质对黄地老虎雌性成虫的吸引作用。【结果】 黄地老虎雌性成虫触角对4种挥发物(癸烷、对乙基苯乙酮、2-甲基壬烷和3,3-二甲基辛烷)没有明显的EAG反应,对其余11种挥发物(1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、丁酸丁酯、4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、桉叶油醇、乙酸叶醇酯、芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、壬醛、罗勒烯和β-蒎烯)的电生理反应明显,且反应程度随着挥发物浓度的增加而增加,在最大测试浓度100 μg/mL时产生最强烈的电生理反应。在风洞测试中,黄地老虎雌性成虫对1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、丁酸丁酯、癸烷、4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、对乙基苯乙酮、桉叶油醇、乙酸叶醇酯、芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、壬醛、3,3-二甲基辛烷、罗勒烯和β-蒎烯14种挥发物表现出明显的行为趋好。【结论】 筛选出对黄地老虎雌性成虫具有电生理和行为吸引活性的植物挥发物组分。     

一种快速鉴别草地贪夜蛾蛹及成虫雌雄的简易方法

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是新近入侵我国的重大迁飞性害虫。本研究通过比较草地贪夜蛾雌、雄蛹及成虫的外部形态差异,总结出一种快速鉴别草地贪夜蛾蛹及成虫性别的方法。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾雄蛹在第9腹节腹面中央有一纵裂缝,并连接两个半圆形瘤状突起,且纵裂离肛门的距离较近,腹部末端较尖,分节较为明显;雌蛹在第8腹节腹面近前缘有一短纵裂缝,两侧平滑且无突起结构,裂缝离肛门的距离较远,腹部末端钝圆,分节不明显。雄蛾腹部狭长,腹部末端有一圈黄色长毛簇;雌蛾腹部较雄蛾浑圆,腹部末端黄色毛簇较短。经检测,该鉴定方法的准确率高达100%。对草地贪夜蛾蛹及成虫性别的快速鉴定,将有助于改进后期草地贪夜蛾室内饲养方法,并为田间草地贪夜蛾的预测预报提供参考。     

卵形鲳鲶消化酶活性的研究I．成鱼和幼鱼消化酶活性在不同消化器官中的分布及其比较

比较研究了卯形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）在不同消化器官中的活性。结果表明：1）成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉前肠〉中肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉中肠〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠〉中肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。2）幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝;淀粉酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。3）成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼。卵形鲳鳕幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似。