Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

长江安庆江段存在溯河洄游型和淡水定居型刀鲚实证研究

为了探究长江十年禁渔后安庆江段刀鲚的生境履历,利用X射线电子探针微区分析技术研究安庆江段不同类型长颌刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和短颌刀鲚的耳石Sr和Ca微化学特征。结果显示,根据耳石Sr/Ca值的变化值将安庆江段的短颌刀鲚分为2类,一类是其比值为一直小于3.0的低值,表明其纯淡水的生境履历;另一类是其比值不仅有小于3.0的低值区,还有大于3.0的高值区(小于7.0),表明其不仅有淡水的生境履历,还有高盐度的河口半咸水生境履历。长颌刀鲚的耳石Sr/Ca值均具有小于3.0的低值区和大于3.0 (甚至大于7.0)高值区的显著波动,表现为典型的淡水、河口半咸水及海水的溯河洄游型生境履历,Sr含量面分析图谱也可印证上述结果。本研究表明,长江安庆江段刀鲚群体组成较为复杂,同时存在溯河洄游型、淡水定居型短颌刀鲚和溯河洄游型长颌刀鲚3种生态表型个体。     

螺旋CT在判断胃肠道穿孔部位中的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在胃肠道穿孔定位诊断中的价值。方法对32例手术证实成人胃肠道穿孔病人进行回顾性分析。结果32例患者中,胃、十二指肠球部穿孔20例,十二指肠腹膜后段穿孔1例,空回肠穿孔6例,阑尾穿孔3例,结肠穿孔2例。提示穿孔部位CT征象有:气腹、腹膜腔及腹膜后间隙积液、穿孔部位局限性肠壁增厚和周围脂肪间隙模糊。结论螺旋CT不仅能确定有无胃肠道穿孔,而且能初步判断其穿孔部位。其中局限性肠壁增厚及周围脂肪间隙密度增高、邻近腹腔、腹膜后间隙积液为诊断穿孔部位较为特异性征象。     

X光结合B超诊断肝癌晚期病犬

随着宠物诊疗技术和设备的逐渐完善,一些宠物体内外的肿瘤可以通过X光和B超得以发现,并通过病理切片判定肿瘤的性质和可能的生发细胞,为宠物肿瘤病的研究提供临床资料。本文就是对临床检查怀疑患腹腔恶性肿瘤的金毛,采取腹部X光摄影结合B超诊断为肝癌病例的报告,为以后相关病例的诊断和对肿瘤的发生率的统计提供参考。     

Accuracy of the modified vertebral heart score and the cardio-vertebral ratio for radiographic evaluation of cardiomegaly in ferrets

Thoracic radiography is commonly used to assess the size of the heart and diagnose cardiac disease in ferrets. Several standardized radiographic heart size indicators have been introduced in this species and values in healthy ferrets have been reported. To date, none of these indicators has been tested in ferrets with cardiac disease. The aim of this prospective and retrospective, analytical observational design study was to assess the accuracy of the modified vertebral heart score (mVHS) and the cardio-vertebral ratio (CVR) in the radiographic detection of cardiomegaly in ferrets. Thoracic radiographs of 24 ferrets with confirmed heart diseases, 22 ferrets with non-cardiac diseases and normal-sized hearts on echocardiogram, and 24 healthy ferrets were mixed and examined by three independent and blinded radiologists who measured mVHS and CVR in right lateral (RL) and ventrodorsal (VD) radiographs. For all readers, ferrets with cardiac disease had significantly higher mVHS and CVR than ferrets without cardiac disease on echocardiography. Optimal cut-points for predicting cardiac enlargement were 6.25 vertebrae and 7.25 vertebrae for RL-mVHS and VD-mVHS, and 1.58 and 1.80 for RL-CVR and VD-CVR, respectively. Using these cut-points, the accuracy was good for indicators measured in RL radiographs (92.9% for RL-mVHS; 91.4% for RL-CVR) and moderate for indicators measured in VD radiographs (88.6% for VD-mVHS; 85.7% for VD-CVR). Findings supported the use of mVHS and CVR for evaluating the size of the heart in diseased ferrets, with caution in values interpretation when pericardial fat prevents precise delineation of the cardiac silhouette contour especially on VD radiographs.     

A pollen extender medium technology for seedless watermelon production by pollination with soft X-ray irradiated pollen

The inactivation of pollen by soft X-ray irradiation and subsequent artificial pollination are time-intensive practices used in the production of seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.). Watermelon generally has a lot of staminate flowers; however, they only have a small amount of pollen. Watermelon pollen cannot be used in pollination under the present situation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which is the most effective pollen extender medium for cultivation of watermelon with soft X-ray irradiated pollen. In this experiment, ‘Agar,’ ‘Marriage powder,’ and ‘Sekishoshi’ (Lycopodium dyed red with safflower pigment) were used as extender media with soft X-ray irradiated pollen at equal or twice the weight of the pollen. When ‘Sekishoshi’ was used as an extender medium, fruit set was very low. A lot of deformed fruit was produced when agar was used with the pollen. On the other hand, when ‘Marriage powder’ was used in equal proportions with the pollen, fruit set was about 70% and, moreover, Brix was high. Thus, the mixture of ‘Marriage powder’ with an equal amount of pollen was the best for use in actual cultivation. We conclude, then, that soft X-ray irradiated pollen in an extender medium can be effectively adapted for producing seedless watermelons.     

X射线无损检测技术在农产品品质评价中的应用

近年来,无损检测技术在农业中得到了广泛的应用.X射线检测作为无损检测的重要技术手段,在农产品品质检测与评价中发挥了重要的作用.为此,综述了国内外在X射线检测技术应用于农产品品质检测方面的研究进展;阐明了X射线检测技术测定的基本原理;介绍了其在果品水分测定、农产品内部病虫害检测、外观品质检测以及异物检测等方面的典型应用实例;并展望了X射线检测技术在农产品检测中的应用前景.     

X射线图像技术对红毛丹内部品质的检测

研究了利用X射线图像处理及模式识别方法检测红毛丹内部品质——可食率、可溶性固形物含量。首先用阈值分割法去除红毛丹背景,然后用模糊C均值聚类方法来分割果肉区域。红毛丹可食率以分割出的果肉区域像素个数与整个果实区域像素个数之比来表征,实验结果表明,误判率小于10％。红毛丹可溶性固形物含量的X射线图像检测采用纹理特征描述的方法,利用直方图矩特征和支持向量机回归方法预测红毛丹可溶性固形物含量的相关系数最高可达87．2％。     

CaCl2对超高压改性马铃薯淀粉结构的影响

研究了600MPa超高压下,不同浓度的CaCl2介质对马铃薯淀粉结构的影响。应刚偏光显微镜和X-射线衍射对样品进行了分析测试。结果表明,不管浓度大小如何,CaCl2均可以抑制淀粉的糊化,其偏光十字均保持得较好;低浓度的CaCl2对马铃薯淀粉的结晶结构影响不大,高浓度的CaCl2则由于渗透作用而导致淀粉结晶结构部分发生破坏。     

STUDY OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF GRAPHITIZING OF COKE WITH X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHOD

In the paper, the process of determining the degree of graphiti-zing of metallurgy coke with X-ray diffraction method was discussed. The extrapolation was used in order to obtain the interplanar distance. of (002) crystaloface of metallurgy coke. The finding showed that the dmax. wasn''t 3.44A, butO4.31A. A rational formula which could be used to characterize the degree of gra-phitizing of metallurgy coke was found.