石首市天鹅洲湿地资源保护与生态旅游开发

湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,是重要的生存环境和自然界最具生物多样性的生态景观之一,具有巨大的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益,也为生态旅游提供了得天独厚的自然条件。以保护湿地资源为前提,结合天鹅洲湿地自然保护区的保护与开发现状,提出了保护与生态旅游开发的策略。     

武汉市湿地主要环境问题及保护对策

武汉市湿地资源丰富,城市的快速发展给这些湿地生态系统带来了诸多威胁,主要表现在：面积萎缩、水质污染加剧、生物多样性下降、可利用水资源减少等方面,提出了加强湿地资源可持续利用和保护的对策措施。     

四川省湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

依据《中国湿地百科全书》及四川省林业厅调查数据,将四川省湿地类型划分为河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽和沼泽化草地、水田湿地、池塘湿地、水库湿地两大类6种类型,采用定量货币化方法对四川省湿地生态系统服务功能价值进行了估算,为四川省湿地保护与规划提供生态经济理论依据。结果表明,四川省湿地生态服务功能的总价值达7 483.03亿元人民币,相当于四川省2009年GDP的52.88%,各项湿地生态功能价值中最高的是固碳释氧功能价值达3 422.00亿元人民币,约占45.73（,其次是水分调节功能和物质生产功能,说明湿地对四川省的生态环境和国民经济有重要作用,并和人们的生产、生活、娱乐密切相关。     

三江平原挠力河流域湿地垦殖的影响因素

综合利用DEM数据、地貌数据和1954-2000年5个时段的土地利用/覆被数据,分析了该流域近50a 来的湿地垦殖过程及其影响因素,结果发现:2000年的沼泽湿地面积仅为1954年面积的36.7%,而且80%左右的沼泽湿地都开垦为耕地.自然环境要素与农场建设对整个湿地的开垦过程产生了重要影响.分布于不同海拔高度与不同坡...     

湿地氮循环过程及其研究进展

从湿地氮循环的主要研究对象和基本研究方法出发,讨论了同位素方法在氮循环研究中的应用,总结了氮同位素用于研究湿地系统的生物地球化学过程以及各形态氮的迁移转化等方面的应用实例,并对湿地氮循环同位素及其相关技术方法的发展趋向进行了展望,最后归纳提出了氮同位素在我国湿地生态系统氮循环研究中的不足及未来的发展方向。     

西藏巴结湿地生态系统特征及其保护对策

通过对水文、土壤、植被、动物等方面的野外调查、测量和试验研究,探讨了湿地生态特征和退化机理,并提出了加强西藏林芝地区湿地生态系统的保护对策。     

蕨类植物在园林绿化中的应用

蕨类植物种类丰富、适应性强、管理简便,非常适合园林应用。在简要分析我国蕨类植物种质资源的基础上,探讨蕨类植物在园林植物造景如庭院、地被、水景、岩石园等的应用,提出应在园林建设中重视蕨类植物,尤其是中国原产的蕨类植物和从国外引进的一些新优园艺蕨类品种,以丰富植物多样性和园林景观。     

Linking Land-use, Water Body Type and Water Quality in Southern New Zealand

Land-use and vegetation cover have been linked to the nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus) of surface waters in several countries. However, the links generally relate to streams and rivers, or to specific types of standing water, for example shallow lakes in a geologically defined region. We measured physical variables and nutrient chemistry of 45 water bodies representative of the wide range of lentic wetland environments (swamps, riverine wetlands, estuaries, reservoirs, shallow lakes, deep lakes) in Otago, New Zealand, and related these to catchment variables and land-use in order to assess the potential influence of catchment modification on water quality of these diverse wetlands. Catchment boundaries and land cover were derived from maps using ArcView GIS software. Our predictions that concentrations of nutrients and other components of water quality would correlate positively with the nature and intensity of catchment modification were confirmed in multivariate analyses. Physical and chemical measures were positively related to the extent of modification in the catchment (percentage of the catchment in pasture, planted forest, scrub and urban areas), and negatively related to lack of catchment modification (more of the catchment in bare ground, tussock grassland and indigenous forest). The strong negative correlations between nutrient concentrations, suspended sediment, water colour and the percentage of tussock cover in the catchment imply that increased conversion of the␣native tussock grassland to pastoral farming in␣Otago will increase nutrient concentrations and␣reduce water quality of the diverse lentic ecosystems.     

A comparison of constructed and natural habitat for frog conservation in an Australian agricultural landscape

Constructed ponds are an important consideration in the conservation of wetland biota in agricultural landscapes. Twenty-two natural ponds and 22 adjacent constructed ponds (farm dams) were surveyed on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales to compare patterns of use by frogs and develop frog conservation recommendations. Farm dams supported similar numbers of frog species to natural ponds, although differences in frog assemblage were observed between the pond types. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis and Uperolia laevigata were significantly more likely to occur at farm dams while L. peronii was more likely to occur at natural ponds. Results suggest waterbodies with high levels of emergent vegetation cover that lack fish are likely to support a high number of frog species, regardless of origin (i.e. natural or constructed). However, it is important for landholders to conserve natural waterbodies as these environments appear likely to support frog species that do not use farm dams.     

The impact of mowing as a management strategy for wet meadows on spider (Araneae) communities

Meadows are often managed by mowing to prevent succession and brushwood encroachment. This management practice is efficient to maintain plant diversity, but the effect on arthropod groups is less well known. We sampled spiders in the Grande Cariçaie (Switzerland), a site of nature conservation importance, in two types of wet meadows, an unmanaged site and one 2-years-old mown conditions. Numbers of individuals for the most abundant families, diversity measures, and indicator taxa were compared among vegetation and treatment types. The results indicate that the less mobile spiders and species linked to litter or dead reeds, including rare species, are reduced by mowing. Present management consists in triennial mowing of 2-4 ha non-contiguous sectors. We investigate the conflict between the need to mow the meadows to maintain them, and the negative effect of mowing on spider communities. We therefore propose a new management scheme aimed at maintain the vegetation while lessening its negative effects on spider communities by providing refuges.