少刺型黄瓜新品种中农9号的选育

中农 9号黄瓜是用自交系 183和 185配制而成的少刺、短瓜型高产多抗一代杂种。中早熟 ,生长势强 ,耐低温弱光性好。抗黑星病、枯萎病、细菌性角斑病 ,中抗霜霉病等。每 6 6 7m2 产量 75 0 0～ 15 0 0 0kg。适宜日光温室、春棚及秋棚延后栽培 ,以日光温室越冬嫁接栽培效果最好。已在山东莱西、莱阳、青岛、寿光及江苏等地推广 10 0 0hm2 以上。     

黄瓜果实黑刺基因B2的遗传分析和定位

以黄瓜黑刺自交系PI197088(P1)和白刺自交系SA0422(P2)为亲本构建的592株F2群体为材料,对黄瓜果实黑刺基因B2进行定位研究。采用以下方法:(1)遗传分析:性状调查结果为F2群体中黑刺株与白刺株的分离比为9∶7,初步判定黑刺性状由2对基因控制。(2)测序比对:比对亲本中的黑刺基因B(Csa4G003095),发现SA0422的B基因转录区存在单碱基突变,引起转录本拼接异常,导致编码产物出现18个氨基酸的缺失。(3)基因分型:用与B基因紧密连锁的SSR标记分析表型为白刺的单株,结果呈现3种不同的基因型,推测在PI197088和SA0422及其后代群体中,果实黑刺性状由B基因和另一个基因(命名为B2)共同控制。(4)基因定位:利用该F2群体,通过分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA),筛选获得与B2基因连锁的SSR标记5个,构建了B2基因的SSR标记连锁群。得到以下分析结果:研究分析表明黄瓜果实黑刺由2对基因(B和B2基因)控制,本研究将B2基因定位于黄瓜第5号染色体上,与两侧最近的连锁标记(SSR13237和SSR03514)的遗传距离分别为12.94和2.42cM,这些结论为后续的B2基因精细定位奠定了基础。     

中国海域棘头梅童鱼头棘和鳞片轮纹形态的初步研究(英文)

对采自上海和广州的36尾棘头梅童鱼的外部形态学进行了分析,探讨了其头部头棘和鳞片鳞嵴这两个外部形态特征与该种类其他特征之间的关系。采用线形回归法分析了17个可量性状和8个可数性状。结果表明:头部头棘的特征与背鳍前长、眼间距两个特征之间存在更紧密的联系,而鳞片鳞嵴与下鳃耙数量、眼间距两个特征之间存在更紧密的联系。     

黄颡鱼毒棘结构研究

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）是较为典型的淡水刺毒鱼类,本研究结合宏观毒棘骨骼标本制作和微观组织切片等方法,深入探究黄颡鱼的毒棘结构。研究结果表明,黄颡鱼的胸鳍和背鳍均具有尖锐的倒刺棘骨,棘骨外包围着皮膜,皮膜拥有能分泌毒液的毒腺细胞,它们共同组成了黄颡鱼毒棘装置。毒棘骨骼宏观结构表明,黄颡鱼的背鳍和胸鳍毒棘均具有贯穿全棘骨的中央管和包围棘骨的皮膜;背鳍棘骨细长、锥形,且轻微拱起,顶部骤尖,后缘为弱锯齿;胸鳍棘骨前后缘均有锯齿,但后缘为强锯齿。背鳍和胸鳍毒棘基部结构的髁突形状、大小、位置全然不同。微观结构显示,皮膜中的毒腺细胞聚集成层,位于鳞状上皮与色素层之间,未见导管与之相连,背鳍和胸鳍毒棘的分支性骨管中均未发现毒腺细胞。胸鳍和背鳍锁紧装置可让毒棘保持倒伏或者直立的锁定状态,降低猎物挣脱几率。本研究可深入了解黄颡鱼的毒棘结构和特征,增强人们对刺毒鱼类的认知,同时为淡水刺毒鱼类深入研究奠定基础。     

DISPERSAL PATTERN OF INJECTATE FOLLOWING CT‐GUIDED PERINEURAL INFILTRATION IN THE CANINE THORACOLUMBAR SPINE: A CADAVER STUDY

An increasing proportion of canine patients are presented with chronic thoracolumbar back pain and without compressive spinal lesions. In humans, spinal perineural infiltrations have been reported to have a favorable effect on pain control. The purpose of this prospective cadaver study was to describe the dispersal pattern of injectate following CT‐guided spinal perineural infiltration in the canine thoracolumbar region. Seven fresh canine cadavers were first scanned using multislice CT and then CT‐guided spinal perineural infiltration was performed at 42 sites from T13/L1 to L6/L7. The injectate for each site was a mixture of new methylene blue and iodinated contrast medium. Immediately following CT‐guided injection, cadavers were frozen, cut, and dissected macro‐ and mesoscopically (using a magnifying glass) to identify anatomic structures that were infiltrated. In the majority of sites (64.3%), complete epidural and hypaxial staining of spinal nerve components (including the spinal ganglion, trunk, and ventral branch) was successfully achieved. However, no (11.9%) or unpredictable staining (9.5%) of nervous tissue occurred in some sites despite careful CT guidance and the application of relatively large volumes of injectate. Optimal results were achieved when the needle tip was positioned periforaminally ventral to the cranial contour of the cranial articular process. Findings from this ex vivo study indicated that CT‐guided spinal perineural infiltration is feasible for testing in the canine thoracolumbar region and that successful nerve tissue infiltration would likely occur in the majority of sites. Future in vivo studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this technique.     

SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS ON T2*‐WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE CANINE AND FELINE SPINE

The T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence is a sensitive means to detect blood degradation products. While not a routine sequence in magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in small animals, it can provide additional valuable information in select cases. The goal of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to describe findings when acquiring this sequence during magnetic resonance imaging examination of the spine in small animals. The University of Tennessee's veterinary radiology database was searched for dogs and cats that underwent magnetic resonance imaging for suspect spinal disease in which a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence was acquired and susceptibility artifact was identified. The following information was recorded: signalment, clinical signs, location and appearance of susceptibility artifact, and final diagnosis. Thirty‐nine cases were included in the study. Extradural susceptibility artifacts were observed in cases of intervertebral disc herniation with or without associated hemorrhage (n = 28), extradural hemorrhage associated with spinal trauma (n = 2), hemophilia (n = 1), and in a cystic extradural mass (n = 1). Remaining lesions displaying susceptibility artifact were intramedullary and included presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (n = 2), hematoma (n = 1), hemangiosarcoma metastasis (n = 1), intramedullary disc extrusion (n = 1), presumptive meningomyelitis (n = 1), and a mass of undetermined etiology (n = 1). Inclusion of a T2*‐weighted gradient recalled echo sequence may be helpful in spinal magnetic resonance imaging when standard imaging sequences are ambiguous or intramedullary lesions are observed.     

人体颈部动力学响应分析有限元模型的建立和验证

根据汽车碰撞事故中人体颈部损伤防护技术研究的需要。建立了一个人体颈部三维有限元模型。该模型参照人体解剖结构模拟了颈椎骨、椎间盘、小关节、韧带、肌肉和软骨等组织，共由15811个单元构成。各组织的材料特性采用了弹性、粘弹性、和刚性材料模型来描述．模型用前碰撞志愿者实验数据进行了验证。其头部的加速度、位移曲线与实验数据得到了较好的吻合。本文初步研究了软组织特性参数对于颈部运动的影响。该模型具有较高的生物逼真度，可对头颈部在汽车碰撞载荷条件下的加速度、速度、位移等动力学响应参数进行分析研究。