Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

奶水牛乳汁体细胞数与抗氧化指标的相关性分析

[目的]了解奶水牛乳汁体细胞计数（SCC）与抗氧化指标之间的相关性,为乳汁质量监控和奶水牛健康养殖提供科学依据.[方法]随机选取南宁某牛场奶水牛139头,同步采集乳样与血样,乳汁SCC采用FOSS体细胞仪测定,血浆和乳清的总抗氧化能力（TAC）采用FRAP法（血浆铁还原力法）测定,丙二醛（MDA）含量采用TBA法（硫酸巴比妥法）测定.[结果]被检的139头奶水牛中,乳汁SCC≥50.00万/mL（隐性乳房炎诊断标准）的样本占被检总数的12.23％,乳汁SCC＜50.00万/mL的样本占被检总数的87.77％;奶水牛血浆和乳清的TAC分别为2.44±1.04和3.78±1.68 U/mL,MDA含量分别为2.07±0.48和1.55±0.52 nmol/mL,其差异均达极显著水平（P＜0.01）.乳清TAC随乳汁SCC的升高而呈下降趋势,二者间呈显著负相关（r=-0.168,P＜0.05）;血浆MDA与乳清MDA间呈显著正相关（r=0.189,P＜0.05）,而血浆MDA与血浆TAC（r=0.391）、乳清MDA与血浆TAC（r=0.315）间呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）.[结论]乳清TAC可作为检测奶水牛乳房健康及其乳汁质量的备选指标.     

紫色不结球白菜花色苷合酶基因BrcANS的克隆与表达分析

以不结球白菜紫色品系NJZX1-3和其绿色突变体NJZX1-0及其后代F₂的2个株系NJZX2-1和NJZX2-2为材料,研究花色苷合酶基因在紫色不结球白菜叶片花色苷合成途径中的作用。利用同源克隆的方法,分别在NJZX1-3及NJZX1-0中克隆到花色苷合酶基因;经序列比对发现,花色苷合酶基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列在2种材料和大白菜中完全一致,长度为1077 bp,编码358个残基,第211~307肽段具有2OG-Fe (II)双加氧酶家族基因的结构域,被命名为BrcANS。BrcANS蛋白与同科芥菜的同源性高达99%,进化关系亦与其最相近。在全部4种材料鲜叶中,总花色苷的含量(TAC)与叶片紫色程度是一致的,其中,NJZX1-3叶片中总花色苷含量最高,达到80.15±5.74 mg 100 g^–1 FW;BrcANS表达量为NJZX1-0 < NJZX2-1 < NJZX2-2< NJZX1-3,与其总花色苷含量呈正相关。BrcANS的mRNA在NJZX1-3和NJZX1-0两种材料的不同组织中特异性表达：在叶片中高度表达,而在其他组织中表达较弱;另外,在两种材料间的表达亦存在显著差异,在NJZX1-3叶片中的表达丰度显著高于NJZX1-0。随着叶龄的增大,紫色不接球白菜叶片紫色变浅,BrcANS的表达量下降,但在NJZX1-3和NJZX1-0间的表达差异亦明显减小。以上结果表明,BrcANS基因是紫色不结球白菜中花色苷合成的关键基因之一,其mRNA表达量与叶片紫色直接相关,可能在其转录水平上调控叶片中紫色的形成。     

野生大豆核基因组Mb级DNA的制备与酶切

以野生大豆黄化幼苗为材料提取其细胞核DNA,经LMP包埋并用蛋白酶K裂解其中的核蛋白后,采用脉冲电泳回收2 Mb左右细胞核DNA.用HindⅢ对回收细胞核DNA进行部分酶切并用脉冲电泳回收酶切后的DNA片段,经电洗脱、浓缩和透析后DNA溶液浓度可达10 ng·μL<,-1>.连接转化检测结果表明:该DNA可用于后续野生...     

Thermal degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds from black rice flour (Oryza sativa L.) extracts

The effect of thermal processing on the degradation of the phytochemicals in black rice flour by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and degradation kinetics was investigated. In order to investigate the influence of food matrices, a comparative analysis between integral rice flour and different fractions was performed. The preliminary compositional results suggested a higher content in phytochemicals in fraction four of the seven fractions of black rice flour, which was sifting through a sieve with a diameter of 180 μm. The compositional complexity was highlighted by fluorescence spectroscopy. The heat-treatment caused structural changes that led to red- or blue-shifts in maximum emission. The first-order kinetic model was used to describe the mechanism of degradation. The activation energies were 10.07 ± 1.04 kJ/mol for total polyphenolic, 7.26 ± 0.58 kJ/mol for total monomeric anthocyanins and 6.71 ± 1.12 kJ/mol for antioxidant activity in case of integral flour extract. For fraction four extract obtained by, the E_a values were: 3.51 ± 0.53 kJ/mol, 11.49 ± 1.47 kJ/mol, 15.80 ± 1.50 kJ/mol and 19.91 ± 3.27 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated values of the activation energy revealed higher temperature dependence of total polyphenols in integral flour and of antioxidant activity in fraction four, respectively.     

筛选和转化药用野生稻TAC克隆获得耐旱水稻

【目的】利用分子生物学技术建立一种可有效转移药用野生稻有利基因的方法,为进一步大量开展利用药用野生稻有利基因提供技术基础。【方法】以植物抗性相关转录因子AP2/EREBP和bZIP家族基因保守序列为探针,采用同位素α-32P对探针进行标记,通过Southern 杂交对药用野生稻TAC文库进行第一轮筛选;所获得阳性克隆用地高辛标记的探针进行第二轮筛选;最后利用PCR方法对第二轮筛选所获得的阳性克隆进行验证。通过农杆菌介导法将阳性克隆转入栽培稻品种日本晴,利用TAC载体插入片段两端的抗性标记Hpt和SacB,通过PCR扩增检测和和Southern杂交对转化植株进行鉴定。采用PEG胁迫法和生理指标变化对转基因T2植株的芽期、苗期耐旱性进行鉴定。【结果】第一轮TAC文库筛选共获得1 073个阳性克隆,其中,以AP2/EREBP的保守序列为探针筛选出606个、bZIP为探针筛选出467个。对这些阳性克隆进行第二轮筛选,从中共获得147个阳性克隆,其中,AP2/EREBP为探针筛选出95个、bZIP为探针筛选出52个。PCR验证有103个阳性克隆能够扩增出目的片段,分别是利用AP2/EREBP设计的引物筛选出63个克隆和bZIP的40个克隆,阳性克隆得率分别为66.32%和76.92%。通过农杆菌转化,以编号为52D-M16和22D-P2（与AP2/EREBP相关）以及55R-A17、49R-O14和8-A24（与bZIP相关）的克隆转化水稻日本晴均获得转化植株,转化试验结果发现外源插入片段越大则克隆转化的成苗率越低。抗性鉴定、PCR和Southern杂交结果均证明外源片段已转入受体水稻品种日本晴中。芽期抗旱性鉴定表明R12-23、R15-41和R1-8 3份材料的耐旱性优于受体日本晴,苗期鉴定显示M63-9和R12-23的耐旱性较强。综合认为,R12-23具有较好的耐旱性。【结论】通过构建药用野生稻TAC文库并结合特异克隆筛选和遗传转化方法,可以进行有利基因的转移,结合进一步的育种,有望实现药用野生稻在育种上的利用。     

乳腺癌TAC丑时化疗对化疗毒副作用影响的研究

目的 通过丑时化疗与普通时间化疗对乳腺癌患者血液学及非血液学毒性的比较,评价丑时化疗是否具有减毒作用及其安全性。方法 将已确诊的乳腺癌患者随机分成2组,观察组30例,对照组30例,每组完成3程TAC（多西他赛+多柔比星+环磷酰胺）/TEC（多西他赛+表柔比星+环磷酰胺）方案新辅助化疗,观察组丑时（1：00-3：00）化疗,对照组普通时间（14：30-17：30）化疗。定时观察血液分析、肝功能及恶心、呕吐情况,评估化疗毒副作用,通过监测患者化疗过程中的血常规、肝肾功能、心电图、心脏彩超等指标评价丑时化疗的安全性。结果 在第1、第2、第3程TAC/TEC化疗过程中,观察组恶心、呕吐程度均低于对照组,观察组白细胞、中性粒细胞水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）。在第1、第2、第3程TAC/TEC化疗的任一疗程中,血红蛋白、血小板、氨基转移酶（ALT、AST）两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。安全性分析：除相关监测指标外,在过敏反应、心脏毒性及外周神经系统毒性、肾毒性等副作用方面,两组均未发生影响生命安全事件。结论 丑时化疗在减轻TAC/TEC新辅助化疗所导致的恶心、呕吐方面优于普通时间化疗,在减轻血液学毒性相关粒细胞、白细胞缺乏方面优于普通时间化疗。丑时化疗能有效缓解部分TAC/TEC新辅助化疗所导致的毒副作用,此方法安全可行。     

Oat phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity during grain development

Oats (Avena sativa L.) were revaluated in recent years as a promising crop for improving the nutritional quality of foods, due to their richness in many bioactive compounds, including phenols. These plant secondary metabolites are useful as radical scavenging, and also possess positive biochemical effects against cardiovascular diseases, cancer growth and age-related diseases. Twenty oat cultivars were analyzed for their soluble phenol content (SPC, ranging 0.78–1.09 g_GAE/kg d.m.) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC, ranging 13.99–18.84 mmol TE/kg d.m.). In another experiment, the kinetics of SPC accumulation and TAC in the immature grains of five oat cultivars revealed a marked decrease of both parameters (−48.9% and −72.1%, respectively) from ten days after anthesis to maturity. These results could suggest a possible use of immature oat grains in human nutrition, as it was already proposed for other cereals.     

Overfishing and the Common Fisheries Policy: (un)successful results from TAC regulation?

This paper combines official data from 1990–2007 for (i) the Total Allowable Catchs (TACs) recommended by International Council for the Exploration for the Sea (ICES) scientists and the proposed and approved TACs and (ii) biomass, recruitment, catches, fishing effort, and current exploitation rates for all marine populations subjected to TAC regulation. The differences between the fishing quotas and the scientific recommendations provided by the ICES were calculated to be 19% after the first CFP reform (1992–2001) and 21% after the second one (2002–2008). In some species, these differences showed a three‐fold increase, in particular those currently considered to be beyond the biological safety limits. Regarding the most important index of abundance, the results also indicate a biomass and recruitment reduction of ～75–85% of the stocks and 90% of catches, whereas the fishing mortality increased in 35% of stocks. In addition, of all populations analysed under TAC regulation, 20% presents an increase in the current exploitation rate, 17% did not show significant changes, and the remaining 63% presented a reduction between 1990 and 2007. These results could contribute to the recovery of stocks. However, following the methodology used by Worm et al. who reported that 6 out of the 10 (60%) marine ecosystems examined showed current exploitation rate values that were significantly higher than those that provide the maximum sustainable yield, this study demonstrates that 86% of the populations regulated by TACs present values higher than exploitation rates that give maximum sustainable yield, following an alarming pattern of exploitation.