乌贼墨多糖提取物的制备及其对B16F10细胞的影响

为了探索乌贼墨多糖(SIP)对体外培养的B16F10细胞的生物学效应,以乌贼墨为原材料,对SIP进行提取分离,并研究SIP提取物对B16F10细胞活力、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成等的影响。结果表明,SIP提取的最优条件为提取温度40℃,料液比1∶3,提取时间4h,提取次数3次,在此条件下SIP得率为14.12 mg·g~(-1)。SIP提取物对B16F10细胞形态有一定影响,对细胞活性、酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素合成均有一定抑制作用,且呈现一定剂量效应。综上可知,SIP提取物能抑制黑色素合成,具有作为美白剂的发展前景,这为乌贼墨合理利用提供了一定科学依据。     

Effect of Artificial Diets on Growth,Survival and Condition of Adult Cuttlefish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sepia officinalis</Emphasis> Linnaeus, 1758

The effects of artificial diets on growth and body condition of adult cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis were tested in two experiments. Supplemented prepared diets (fish myofibrillar protein concentrate) were fed during a 30-day and a 21-day experiments. Growth, feeding rate and food conversion of group-reared cuttlefish were analyzed. The first of these experiments tested four artificial diets, made with increasing levels of lysine, on adult cuttlefish. According to the chemical analysis, diets 1–3 had limiting concentrations of lysine and other essential amino acids (compared to mantle composition of the cuttlefish), while diet 4 was the only one where almost all essential amino acids were present in concentrations similar or higher than the ones present in cuttlefish mantle. A second experiment was conducted by isolating 16 adult cuttlefish individually, and feeding them the same four artificial diets, in order to obtain individual data. During Experiment 1, only the diet with the best chemical score (diet 4) produced growth (p < 0.05), with a mean instantaneous growth rate (MIGR) of 0.30% wet body weight (BW) d⁻¹. Similarly, individually reared cuttlefish fed diet 4 produced the highest IGR’s (0.26, 0.38 and 0.48% BW d⁻¹) and grew larger (p < 0.01). Comparison of cuttlefish fed the artificial diets vs. thawed shrimp and unfed cuttlefish indicated that cuttlefish fed the artificial diets were in an intermediate state. Growth rates obtained with the artificial diets (<0.4% BW d⁻¹) were considerably lower compared to natural prey, live or frozen, reported by other authors.     

动态高压微射流对乌贼墨黑色素物理性质及微观结构的影响

为改善乌贼墨黑色素在食品中的应用性能,以虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)墨囊为原材料,采用碱性蛋白酶酶解制备乌贼墨黑色素,研究不同动态高压微射流(DHPM)(0、40、80、120、160、200 MPa)均质对其物理性质的影响,并采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分析其微观结构。结果表明,DHPM处理使乌贼墨黑色素聚集体解聚,浊度增加、平均粒径减小,粒度分布更加集中和细微化,同时改善了其在去离子水和生理盐水中的溶解性;在压力作用下表现为粘度、空间色度值均有所增大;差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析表明,乌贼墨黑色素在120 MPa下热变性温度为90.70℃,焓变值为0.45 J·g^-1,且该压力下其贮藏稳定性最好;红外光谱分析表明,在特定压力处理范围内,DHPM处理使乌贼墨黑色素分子间形成了较强的氢键;扫描电镜观察发现样品颗粒在120 MPa处理后颗粒尺寸最小。因此,DHPM改性技术改善了乌贼墨黑色素的物理性质和微观结构,为其在食品工业中的应用提供了理论依据。     

基于稳定同位素的江苏近海金乌贼摄食生态研究

为进一步掌握江苏近海金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)种群生活史特征，根据在江苏沿海港口所采集的样本，利用碳氮稳定同位素分析法对金乌贼的摄食生态及营养生态位进行了研究。结果表明，金乌贼雌、雄群体间 13C和 15N值均不存在显著性差异；金乌贼的 值与胴长之间相关性不显著， 值与胴长之间存在显著相关性；雄性金乌贼营养生态位宽度（SEAc=0.57‰2）与雌性（SEAc=0.63‰2）无明显差异，雌性略大于雄性，且两者高度重叠（0.62）。同位素聚类分析显示，可将金乌贼个体分为75~114mm、115~184mm和185~204mm三个胴长组；185~204mm胴长组营养生态位宽度最大（SEAc=1.77‰2），75~114mm胴长组营养生态位宽度最小（SEAc=0.39‰2）；仅75~114mm和115~184mm胴长组间生态位重叠率为中度重叠（0.34），其余胴长组间生态位重叠率低。分析认为，金乌贼δ13C值的变化主要受同位素基线值和金乌贼洄游模式影响，而δ15N值的变化主要受金乌贼摄食作用影响；雌性和雄性金乌贼群体之间食物资源和栖息地利用高度相似；不同发育阶段的金乌贼在营养生态位上具有明显差异。     

Effects of Using Live Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) as the only Source of Food for the Culture of Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

The life cycle of cuttlefish fed ad libitum exclusively on live grass shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) was studied during 5 consecutive generations. Different culture temperatures promoted different (P < 0.05) exponential growth for each life cycle, being summer generations shorter than those of winter. Higher temperatures promoted higher IGR’s and mortality, while lower temperatures promoted increased life span, reproduction stages, total fecundity and total egg biomass. Increased generations also seemed to increase fertility. A “hybrid” generation promoted the best results in terms of hatchling weight, individual fecundity and fertility. Mean egg weight was related to female size and embryonic development took longer at lower temperatures. Brood stock sex ratios seemed to be temperature related. All of these culture aspects were also compared between themselves in order to establish future brood stock methodologies. Grass shrimp proved to be a good diet for the culture of cuttlefish throughout the life cycle. The use of only one species reduces costs and labor associated to cuttlefish culture.     

乌贼墨多糖对环磷酰胺介导小鼠睾丸氧化应激损伤的干预效应

[目的]探讨乌贼墨多糖对环磷酰胺致小鼠睾丸氧化应激损伤的保护作用.[方法]随机将70只成年雄性昆明小鼠分成7组：正常组、模型组、治疗组1、治疗组2、治疗组3、治疗组4和治疗组5,通过对小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺进行造模,灌胃乌贼墨多糖作为化疗保护剂,检测小鼠的体重、睾丸和附睾重量、睾丸指数和附睾指数、精子畸形率、睾丸中抗氧化指标,同时观察睾丸组织结构.[结果]乌贼墨多糖能提高小鼠体重和睾丸重量,降低精子畸形率,提高睾丸组织中抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性,降低MDA含量,修复睾丸病理学损伤.乌贼墨多糖明显缓解环磷酰胺对睾丸的氧化损伤,其最佳灌胃剂量为80 mg/kg.[结论]乌贼墨多糖有可能作为临床上的化疗辅助药物.     

乌贼墨多肽体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究乌贼墨多肽体外抗氧化活性。[方法]采用分光光度法测定多肽对2,2’-连氮基-双-（3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑林-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）、羟自由基（·OH）的清除能力和还原能力,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测多肽对羟自由基诱导的DNA损伤的保护作甩。[结果]乌贼墨多肽具有明显清除ABTS自由基（半数有效浓度EC。为3．45mg／ml）、·DPPH自由基（EG。为4．34mg／m1）和羟自由基（E‰为3．30mg／ml）的能力;当乌贼墨多肽的浓度达到5．00mg／ml时,还原力达到0．387。[结论]乌贼墨多肽具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

Effects of Dietary Lipids on the Growth Performance,Survival, and Digestive Enzymes of Juvenile Cuttlefish,Sepia lycidas

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipids on the growth performance, muscle composition, and enzyme activities of the stomach, intestines, and liver of Sepia lycidas juveniles. Fish oil and soybean lecithin were selected as lipid sources to formulate six experimental diets containing lipid levels of 3.68, 4.15, 6.62, 8.09, 9.56, and 11.03%. The feed efficiency first declined and then rose, with the lowest value obtained in individuals fed the 8.09% lipid content diet; the protein efficiency ratio significantly decreased with an increased lipid level. The highest crude protein content and lowest crude lipid content were simultaneously obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid content diet. The activities of pepsase, trypsin, and intestine lipase initially increased before decreasing. The highest activities of protease, trypsin, and lipase were obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid content diet, while the highest activity of amylase was obtained in individuals fed the 6.62% lipid content diet. Hepatic glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase initially increased and then held steady, with the highest activities simultaneously obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid diet. Our results suggest that dietary lipids at a level of 9.56% could be the optimal lipid requirement for S. lycidas to grow and maintain normal metabolism.     

不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分含量分析比较

通过探究不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳的营养成分及矿物元素含量变化,为其开发利用提供理论依据。采用国家标准方法对不同生长时期(60、90、120、150日龄)虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分(水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、多糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸)及矿物元素[5种常量元素——钠(Na)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)、铝(Al)、钙(Ca)和8种微量元素——铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、锰(Mn)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、锶(Sr)]的含量进行测定。结果表明:不同生长时期时,粗灰分均是虎斑乌贼内壳的主要成分,含量为89.98%~92.06%,其含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时(P0.05);粗蛋白质的含量为2.82%~3.11%,其含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于60日龄时(P0.05);水分含量为3.93%~6.21%,其含量随着生长不断降低,表现为60日龄时显著高于其他日龄时(P0.05);相对于其他营养成分,虎斑乌贼内壳中粗脂肪、多糖含量较少,分别为0.41%~0.47%、0.34%~0.38%。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出17种氨基酸,其中7种必需氨基酸(EAA)。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中总氨基酸(TAA)、EAA和酸性氨基酸(AAA)含量分别为2.79%~2.93%、0.87%~0.98%和0.69%~0.87%,其中AAA含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时(P0.05)。各生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳中均以谷氨酸(Glu)含量(0.31%~0.43%)最高,组氨酸(His)含量(0.03%~0.07%)最低。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出7种脂肪酸,包括3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、1种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和3种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);在脂肪酸组分中以C22∶6n-3、C16∶0和C18∶0为主,其中C22∶6n-3含量(35.68%~37.62%)最高。生长时期对常量元素Na、Mg、Al和Ca及微量元素Cu、Zn和Sr含量有显著影响(P0.05),尤其是Ca、Mg、Zn含量,随着生长不断增加;重金属元素Cd、As含量很低,分别为0.001~0.003 mg/g和0.012~0.030 mg/g。综上所述,虎斑乌贼内壳营养丰富,Ca、M g、Zn含量高,且随着生长不断增加,具有良好的开发应用前景。