Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues

BACKGROUND

Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.

RESULTS

Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Spatial and temporal variability of sediment and dissolved loads from two alpine watersheds of the Lesser Himalayas

Estimation of sediment load from Himalayan basins is of considerable importance for the planning, designing, installation and operation of hydro-power projects, including management of reservoirs. In the present study, an assessment of physical and chemical load, sediment yield and erosion rate has been undertaken at eight different locations in the Sainj and Tirthan watersheds. The analysis revealed that the maximum load was transferred during the monsoon season. Moreover, the estimated average chemical erosion rate of the Sainj (83 t km^− 2 yr^− 1) and Tirthan (80 t km^− 2 yr^− 1) watersheds were higher than that of the Indian average (69 t km^− 2 yr^− 1) representing all the rivers. Both watersheds were eroding physically and chemically at a faster rate than that of the world global average erosion rate (185 t km^− 2 yr^− 1). The flattish nature of the channels in some segments of these watersheds showed a lower transport of sediments, where as the constricted segments having steep bed slopes increased the velocity of flow and the sediment transport rate. These findings have important implications for water resource management in the context of sediments mobilization, erosion, channel management, ecological functions and operation of the hydro-power projects in the Lesser Himalayan region.     

指纹技术识别泥沙来源:不确定性研究进展

泥沙指纹技术是近年来研究流域泥沙来源与动态变化的一项重要技术方法,其主要局限性在于诸多的前提假设与实践条件的差异带入了一系列不确定性。泥沙从源到汇的迁移过程受自然环境和人为干扰的影响,其源地特征、迁移路径以及泥沙性质的潜在变化等均是指纹技术应用的不确定性因素,而采样方案设计、指纹选择方法、混合模型应用的一些主观因素进一步增加了不确定性的来源。不确定性分析是泥沙指纹技术的重要组成部分,是评估泥沙来源指纹识别结果可靠性的主要依据。本文综述了泥沙指纹技术的诸多不确定性问题以及主要应对方法的研究进展,总结了当前不确定性定量评估的研究现状并提出了未来的研究展望。     

佳多频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园害虫防治中的应用效果

【研究目的】试验研究频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园中的应用效果,为有机茶园防治害虫提供方法和指导;【方法】本试验共两个处理：有灯区和无灯区。在每年的6、7、8、9、10月份对杀虫灯诱杀的成虫的种类和数量进行统计,以及田间虫口密度为害情况调查。【结果】有灯区和无灯区中毒蛾、尺蠖、叶甲的数量差异达到了极显著水平;【结论】频振式杀虫灯对茶园害虫的防治效果明显,特别是对毒蛾、尺蠖和叶甲类的诱杀作用较突出,对它们的防效有灯区与无灯区间差异达到了极显著水平,但是对叶蝉的防治还是有一定的局限。频振式杀虫灯可以作为有机茶园防治虫害的一种手段,与其它防治方法协调使用,综合防治茶园害虫。     

有色黏虫板对柑橘木虱的监测及防治研究进展

柑橘黄龙病是柑橘生产中的重大病害,随着其在全球范围内的传播蔓延,该病已成为近年来柑橘生产和研究中普遍关注的热点。柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)是传播柑橘黄龙病菌(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)的主要虫媒,对柑橘木虱种群的准确监测与有效防控是控制柑橘木虱传播黄龙病的关键所在。有色黏虫板是一种利用昆虫趋色性,对小型飞行昆虫进行监测与诱杀的重要物理防治手段。有色黏虫板同样适用于监测和诱捕柑橘木虱,但黏虫板的颜色、光源、气候条件、悬挂黏虫板的植物种类及其挥发性信息化合物成分等都会影响黏虫板对柑橘木虱的诱集效果。本文在综合国内外柑橘木虱防控技术的基础上,将近年来利用有色黏虫板,监测与防控柑橘木虱的最新进展进行综述,并对有色黏虫板的发展前景给予展望。     

两种工程堆积体坡面细沟形态与产沙关系对比研究

为探究不同土壤类型工程堆积体坡面细沟形态与水动力学参数及侵蚀产沙间的关系,选取沟宽、沟深、宽深比等作为细沟形态参数,在放水流量8、12、16、20 L·min–1和坡度32°条件下,对红土和塿土工程堆积体进行冲刷试验.结果表明:(1)两种堆积体坡面细沟沟宽、沟深在前24 min均发育迅速;随放水流量增大,沟宽和沟深均呈...     

珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地沉积物碳、氮分布研究

为了对珠江口红树林湿地沉积物有机质有更为全面、深入的认识,以珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地为对象,对其沉积物有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的含量分布、储量及来源进行了研究.结果表明,淇澳岛7种主要红树[秋茄(Kandelia candel)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia opetala)、桐花(Aegiceras corni...     

电容式水流泥沙含量传感器温度补偿技术的研究

采用自行研制的电容传感器测量了水流中泥沙含量与传感器输出电压，研究了测量水流泥沙含量的温度补偿技术。结果表明，水流泥沙含量与传感器的输出电压呈线性关系，传感器的输出随温度的升高而逐渐增大；通过对温度的监测并由软件实现补偿的方法，可大大提高测量的精度；该方法能得到工作温度范围非标定条件下任一温度状态的输入－输出特性，可显著提高其温度稳定性。     

长江口潮滩植物根际沉积物磷的累积及其生物有效性

通过对长江口潮滩植物生物量及根际沉积物中磷的赋存形态和含量的研究,结果表明各个采样点的海三棱草从春季开始生长并一直延续到初夏,到7月其生物量基本上都达到一个峰值。海三棱草根际沉积物中磷的赋存形态包括弱吸附态磷(Ad-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、自生磷灰石及钙结合态磷[(Ap+Ca)-P]、碎屑态磷(De-P)和有机磷(OP),它们都具有较好的季节性变化,在一定程度上都受到氧化还原状态的控制。文中还研究了根际沉积物孔隙水中的磷酸盐含量,发现其有效性受到了氧化还原状态及沉积物中铁的影响。