马尾藻海藻多糖生物活性研究新进展

近年来的研究表明,马尾藻中富含多种新型生物活性化合物,如海藻多酚、海藻多糖及多种硫酸多糖衍生物。在分离出的生物活性成分中,海藻多糖因其具有良好的保健作用和药用效果而备受关注。同时,有大量研究已经证明,马尾藻海藻多糖对人类疾病的预防以及恢复具有积极效果。因此,本文对近年来马尾藻海藻多糖的抗凝血、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血管生成和抗炎症活性的最新进展进行了综述,以期能助推马尾藻海藻多糖的研究,并且协助填补理论研究与工业应用之间的知识鸿沟。     

Stimulating the Hematopoietic Effect of Simulated Digestive Product of Fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hematopoietic Damage in Mice and Its Protective Mechanisms Based on Serum Lipidomics

Hematopoietic damage is a serious side effect of cytotoxic drugs, and agents promoting hematopoiesis are quite important for decreasing the death rate in cancer patients. In our previous work, we prepared the simulated digestive product of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme, DSFF, and found that DSFF could activate macrophages. However, more investigations are needed to further evaluate whether DSFF could promote hematopoiesis in the chemotherapy process. In this study, the protective effect of DSFF (1.8–7.2 mg/kg, i.p.) on cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic damage in mice and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Our results show that DSFF could restore the numbers of white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets in the peripheral blood, and could also retard bone marrow cell decrease in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic damage. UPLC/Q-Extraction Orbitrap/MS/MS-based lipidomics results reveal 16 potential lipid biomarkers in a serum that responded to hematopoietic damage in mice. Among them, PC (20:1/14:0) and SM (18:0/22:0) were the key lipid molecules through which DSFF exerted protective actions. In a validation experiment, DSFF (6.25–100 μg/mL) could also promote K562 cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. The current findings indicated that DSFF could affect the blood cells and bone marrow cells in vivo and thus showed good potential and application value in alleviating the hematopoietic damage caused by cyclophosphamide.     

羊栖菜粉对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附效果

以羊栖菜粉为吸附剂,研究羊栖菜粉对水溶液中Cu²⁺的吸附特性及吸附机理,考察羊栖菜对重金属铜的吸附能力,以扩展羊栖菜的综合利用范围。采用控制变量法考察pH值、吸附剂浓度、金属离子初始浓度和离子强度等环境因素对水溶液中Cu²⁺去除效果的影响,通过模拟吸附动力学和热力学试验考察羊栖菜粉对Cu²⁺的吸附特性,并采用SEM、FTIR等方法初步分析了羊栖菜粉对Cu²⁺的吸附机理。结果表明,在吸附温度35℃、初始浓度50 mg·L^-1、吸附剂浓度1 g·L^-1条件下,羊栖菜粉对Cu²⁺的去除率可达89.27%。当吸附时间为10 min时,Cu²⁺去除率达总去除率的90%以上;当吸附时间为60 min时,基本达到吸附平衡。羊栖菜粉吸附Cu²⁺的动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,相关系数均在0.999 0以上。Langmuir可以很好地拟合热力学试验得到的平衡数据,理论最大吸附容量为71.17 mg·g^-1。羊栖菜粉对Cu²⁺的吸附有多种反应参与,参与络合反应的官能团主要有-OH、-NH、-COO^-。羊栖菜粉对Cu²⁺的去除率较高,吸附性能良好,可通过解吸实现吸附剂的再生。     

温度、盐度和光照强度对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了不同的温度和盐度组合,温度和光照强度组合对鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)氮、磷吸收速率的影响.结果表明,上述3个环境因子对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收速率均有显著影响.其中,温度和盐度对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收速率有极显著影响(P<0.01),二者交互作用也极显著(P<0.01).在盐度20、温度25℃条件下和盐度30、温度30℃条件下,鼠尾藻对氮有较高吸收速率,分别为11.26μmol/[g(dw)·h]和11.01 μmol/[g(dw)·h];在盐度40、温度15～30℃范围内对磷的吸收速率较大,达到1.5μmol/[g(dw)·h]以上.温度和光照对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收速率均有极显著影响(P<0.01),二者交互作用极显著(P<0.01).在温度15℃和光照强度140～180μE/(m2·s)以及温度20～25℃和光照强度60～100 μE/(m2·s)条件下,鼠尾藻对氮有较高吸收速率,均在9.60 μmol/[g(dw)·h]以上;在温度25℃和光照强度60μE(m2·s)条件下,鼠尾藻对磷的吸收速率达到最大,为1.30 μmol/[g(dw)·h].本研究结果表明,鼠尾藻总体上对水体中的氮、磷均具有较高的吸收速率,且能较好地同时吸收NH4+-N和NO3--N,显示了它对海水环境中营养盐具有较强的吸收能力.     

Sargassum horneri as a Functional Food Ameliorated IgE/BSA-Induced Mast Cell Activation and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice

Sargassum horneri (S. horneri), an edible brown alga, has been proposed as a functional food with an improvement effect on abnormal skin immune responses. The present study investigates the anti-allergic effect of an ethanol extract from S. horneri (SHE) on immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated activation in bone marrow-derived cultured-mast cells (BMCMCs) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. SHE markedly and dose-dependently suppressed the degranulation of BMCMCs by reducing the β-hexosaminidase and histamine release without cytotoxicity. In addition, SHE significantly decreased the FcεRI expression on the surface of BMCMCs and its IgE binding. Moreover, SHE reduced the mRNA expression and the production of allergic cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13; interferon (IFN)-γ and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; and a chemokine, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), by suppressing the activation of Src-family kinases and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. In further study, the application of SHE reduced the PCA reaction in an IgE/BSA-induced type I allergic mice model. Taken together, we suggest that SHE has an anti-allergic effect in type I allergic responses.     

海蒿子岩藻聚糖结构特征及其抗流感病毒活性

采用热水提取法从海蒿子中提取粗多糖,再用Q-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sepharose 4B Fast Flow纯化得到一种硫酸化岩藻聚糖,命名为SF0。通过逐步部分酸水解,该岩藻聚糖SF0被进一步分为3种次级多糖SF1、SF2和SF3,硫酸基团的含量和相对分子质量依次降低。通过单糖组成、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和¹³C-NMR谱分析了4种多糖的结构特征,并探究了其抗甲型流感(H1N1)病毒的活性。结果表明,SF0主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖和岩藻糖组成,摩尔比为10.8∶8.3∶3.0∶21.1∶21.2∶35.6,相对分子质量为628.1 ku,由α-D-1,2-Manp和β-D-1,4-GlcAp双糖重复单元构成核心骨架。抗甲型流感(H1N1)病毒检测表明,4种多糖都可以抑制MDCK细胞中的H1N1病毒复制。低分子量组分SF3比未降解岩藻聚糖抗病毒活性更好。初步认为该岩藻聚糖的抗H1N1病毒活性与其精细结构和分子量有关。     

铜藻提取液对月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同浓度的铜藻提取液对月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：铜藻提取液可提高月见草种子的萌发率、发芽指数及发芽势,并可促进幼苗的生长。提取液可显著的提高月见草地上部分的干湿重、根系的鲜重、叶片的类胡萝卜素含量及叶绿素a与b的比值;降低叶绿素b的含量。但是,对其根系的干重及叶绿素a的影响规律性较差。总体来讲,铜藻提取液对月见草的种子萌发及幼苗生长具有促进作用。     

温度和光照对瓦氏马尾藻繁殖的影响

研究了温度和光照对瓦氏马尾藻生殖托成熟排放精卵和胚胎附着、发育及存活的影响.尚未成熟的生殖托和受精卵分别在不同温度(13、18、23、28C)和不同光照(1000、4 500、8 000 lx)下培养12 d,结果表明,生殖托成熟排放卵的最合适温度为23℃,光照对生殖托成熟排卵几乎没有影响;胚胎附着、发育和存活的最合适温度范围为23～28℃,最合适光照范围为4 500～8 000lx.     

马尾藻提取液对侧耳菌丝营养及生殖生长的影响

[目的]探究马尾藻提取液对侧耳生长的影响,为其开发利用提供依据。[方法]研究不同浓度马尾藻提取液对1株亚光1号侧耳菌丝生长及生殖生长的影响。[结果]稀释1 000倍的马尾藻提取液对亚光1号的菌丝生长有显著促进作用,菌丝生长速率达10.49 mm/d;对亚光1号的产量有显著促进作用,产量提高16.0%。[结论]稀释1 000倍的马尾藻提取液对供试菌株的营养生长及生殖生长都有显著的促进作用,能达到增产的效果。