转 Bt基因抗虫棉对棉大卷叶螟抗性的研究

:转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫有很好的抗性,对棉大卷叶螟(SyleptaderogataFabricius)的抗性未见报道。作者研究表明,棉大卷叶螟在棉田为聚集分布型,低龄幼虫有集中为害习性;抗虫棉对其有很好的抗性,平均虫株率为2.2%,较常规棉中棉所12降低96.6%;百株虫量为133.8头,较常规棉降低88.4%。     

Molecular Identification of a New Member of the Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma Group (16SrVI) Associated with Centaurea Solstitialis Virescence in Italy

In the United States, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is an annual invasive weed with Mediterranean origins. Malformed plants displaying witches' broom, fasciations, abortion of buds and flower virescence symptoms were observed in central Italy. Attempts to transmit the causal agent from the natural yellow starthistle host to periwinkle by grafting, resulted in typical symptoms of a phytoplasma, i.e. yellowing and shortening of internodes. The detection of phytoplasmas was obtained from both symptomatic yellow starthistle and periwinkle by the specific amplification of their 16S-23S rRNA genes. PCR amplification of extracted DNA from symptomatic plant samples gave a product of expected size. Asymptomatic plants did not give positive results. An amplicon obtained by direct PCR with universal primers P1/P7 was cloned and sequenced. The homology search using CLUSTALW program showed more than 99% similarity with Illinois elm yellows (ILEY) phytoplasma from Illinois (United States) and 97% with Brinjal little leaf (BLL) phytoplasma from India. Digestion of the nested-PCR products with restriction enzymes led to restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns referable to those described for phytoplasmas belonging to the clover proliferation (16S-VI) group. Since this is a previously undescribed disease, the name Centaurea solstitialis virescence has been tentatively assigned to it. This is a new phytoplasma with closest relationships to ILEY and BLL, but distinguishable from them on the basis of 16S rDNA homology, the different associated plant hosts and their geographical origin.     

Effects of 2 concentrations of sodium citrate on coagulation test results, von Willebrand factor concentration, and platelet function in dogs

BACKGROUND: Blood collection tubes containing 3.2% (0.109 M) sodium citrate, instead of 3.8% (0.129 M) sodium citrate, have recently become available in the United States. These tubes are visually indistinguishable from the traditional 3.8% sodium citrate tubes, except for wording on the label. Consequently, samples for hemostatic evaluation are frequently collected in tubes containing the lower concentration of sodium citrate. HYPOTHESIS: Results of hemostasis assays are different in samples collected in 3.2% versus 3.8% sodium citrate. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy dogs. METHODS: This study aimed at determining whether results of standard coagulation tests, von Willebrand factor concentration (vWF:Ag), and platelet function with the platelet function analyzer PFA-100a were affected by the different concentrations of sodium citrate. Blood samples were collected in tubes containing either 3.2% or 3.8% sodium citrate concentrations and processed routinely for coagulation assays (one-stage prothrombin time [OSPT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], fibrinogen concentration, and platelet count), vWF:Ag, and platelet function assays with a PFA-100. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between samples collected in 3.2% versus those collected in 3.8% sodium citrate for OSPT, aPTT, fibrinogen concentration, platelet count, or vWF:Ag. The closure times with collagen/adenosine diphosphate were significantly shorter (66 +/- 8.1 versus 74.8 +/- 9.7 seconds; P < .0001) with the 3.2% than with 3.8% sodium citrate concentration, and the hematocrit was significantly higher (47.9 +/- 5.6 versus 46.0 +/- 4.7 seconds; P = .03) in samples collected in 3.2% than in those collected in 3.8% sodium citrate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: There is no clinically relevant effect of collection of blood into 3.2% or 3.8% sodium citrate.     

烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间叶片衰老的效应

１９８９～１９９２年田间与盆栽试验，研究烯效唑对小麦成熟期间旗叶及下二叶等三片功能叶衰老的延缓作用和增产效果。研究表明：１．烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间功能叶片的衰老，表现在叶片细胞电解质渗漏率降低，超氧物歧化酶活性增高，丙二醛积累减少；２．烯效唑对离休旗叶片有保绿作用；于小麦齐穗期喷施２０～４０×１０－６，烯效唑药液７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，可提高小麦千粒重３～４ｇ，增产１２％～１６％。     

播期对河套地区玉米灌浆进度的影响

旨在为玉米的高产栽培提供理论支撑。采用分期播种法,利用试验数据,建立28个生长模型（方程均通过0.01的极显著检验）,将玉米灌浆期百粒干重、百粒体积随灌浆日数增加的时段分为三阶段,即渐增期、快增期和缓增期。适时播种的玉米吐丝后百粒体积、百粒干重增加进入渐增期,终止日分别为吐丝后的6天和20天,此后进入快速增长期,时间分别为22天和18天;其后到籽粒体积和干重增加进入缓慢增长期。适时播种的玉米百粒干重增加逐渐增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间0~502.4℃·d,增幅0.014 g/℃·d;快速增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间502.4~938.4℃·d,增幅0.049 g/℃·d;缓慢增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间938.4~1355.1℃·d,增幅0.018 g/℃·d。     

花生根瘤菌遗传多样性的RFLP分析

利用16S rRNA PCR-RFLP和16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR-RFLP技术对分离自我国不同地区的55株花生慢生根瘤菌和6株参比菌株进行了遗传多样性研究.16S rRNA PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,在63%的相似性水平上,91%的供试花生幔生根瘤菌与B.japonicum和B.elkanii聚在一起;16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,供试花生慢生根瘤菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,在65.8%的相似性水平上可分为3大类群.     

O在Rh(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用第一性原理的密度泛函理论计算了O原子在Rh（100）表面的吸附,得到了电子特性及各种结构参数,并给出了不同覆盖度下O原子在Rh（100）表面上3个位置吸附后的能量,结果表明,O原子在Rh（100）表面可以发生稳定的吸附,最高吸附能为2．53eV。同时,通过对O原子的态密度进行分析,得到如下结论：O原子在Rh（100）面上的吸附主要是由于O的2p轨道与基底金属的4d轨道相互作用的结果。     

羽毛粉部分替代鱼粉对异育银鲫生长及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】探讨羽毛粉部分替代鱼粉外加角蛋白酶DP100(DP100)对异育银鲫生长及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】配制7组饲料,Ⅰ组(对照组)以鱼粉为蛋白源(蛋白水平为317.9 g/kg),Ⅱ～Ⅶ组以羽毛粉蛋白替代10%的鱼粉蛋白,Ⅲ～Ⅶ组添加Ⅰ组相对短缺的4种必需氨基酸并分别添加0,100,200,300和400 mg/kg的DP100。用7组饲料分别饲喂异育银鲫83 d,试验结束后根据异育银鲫初始体质量、终末体质量(FBW)以及摄食量计算体质量增加率(BWG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FER)、蛋白质效率(PER),并解剖取肝胰脏和肠道,测定其消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶)活力及抗氧化指标(超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量)。【结果】Ⅱ和Ⅲ组异育银鲫FBW、BWG、SGR、FER、PER及肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),MDA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在添加DP100的各组中,Ⅳ组肠道SOD活力和肝胰脏CAT活力均与Ⅰ组无显著性差异,MDA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),其余指标均显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),除Ⅶ组肠道蛋白酶活力显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)外,Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组各项指标均与Ⅰ组无显著性差异。【结论】羽毛粉替代10%鱼粉外加200～400 mg/kg DP100对异育银鲫生长性能、饲料利用和机体抗氧化能力无不良影响。     

不同类型菜用大豆品种产量性状的比较

通过两年的田间试验及室内分析 ,对所选取的 3个类型 7个菜用大豆品种的某些性状进行了初步的研究 ,主要结论如下 :七个品种中SND2 0 - 5的百粒重最大 ;SNK2 0 - 2的百粒重最小 ;SND2 0 - 5的毛豆产量最高 ;大粒品种和青豆品种大部分荚皮薄 ,易裂荚 ,故收获时要适当早收。     

一种适于PCR和LAMP检测的松木中松材线虫DNA快速提取方法

【目的】本研究旨在探索快速、简便地直接从病木中提取松材线虫 DNA 的方法。【方法】运用 Chelex-100结合异硫氰酸胍蛋白变性缓冲液建立新的高效快速提取微量木块中线虫 DNA 的方法,并通过普通 PCR 与环介导等温扩增( LAMP)对提取的 DNA进行检测验证。【结果】建立了提取线虫 DNA 的新方法 Chelex-100法,并对影响提取效率的Chelex-100浓度、冻融时间和煮沸时间进行了优化。Chelex-100法最适Chelex-100终浓度为1.5%( W/V),最适冻融时间为5 min,最适煮沸时间为8 min。与传统的 CTAB法和蛋白酶 K 法比较,Chelex-100法提取的 DNA得率高,相同条件下,该方法提取的 DNA浓度远远大于常规方法。3种方法的 OD260/280比值从大到小依次为CTAB法＞蛋白酶K法≥Chelex-100法,Chelex-100法的OD260/280值显著低于CTAB法,而略低于或等同于蛋白酶K法,但这并不影响对提取的 DNA 进行 PCR 扩增。采用 Chelex-100法提取松木中松材线虫的 DNA,结合常规的PCR和 LAMP检测,检测灵敏度高,特异性强,稳定性好;提取的松材线虫 DNA 的75倍稀释液再稀释32倍后进行PCR扩增,扩增产物电泳依然有清晰的条带。用新方法提取病木中线虫的 DNA 后进行检测,所有带病松木样品的检测结果均呈阳性,而健康黑松、马尾松、油松木屑及盘多毛孢样品的检测结果均呈阴性。此外,该提取方法简便快速,20 min内即可完成整个 DNA的提取;经济方便,试剂保藏无特殊要求,单个样品提取耗费低于3.5元。【结论】Chelex-100法是一种快速有效的提取松木中松材线虫DNA的方法,此方法结合PCR和LAMP检测技术将进一步提高松材线虫的检测效率、灵敏度和准确性,可为松材线虫的野外检测提供可靠的技术依据。