BDE209胁迫对翡翠贻贝（Pernaviridis）SOD、MDA和GSH的影响

采用半静态实验方法,研究不同浓度BDE209（0.1、1、10 mg·L-1）在胁迫1、3、7、15 d和清洁海水中释放3、7 d后,翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）外套膜和内脏团超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）活性、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量和谷胱甘肽（Glutathione,GSH）含量的变化规律。结果表明,BDE209胁迫后,翡翠贻贝2组织SOD活性先是受到明显的诱导作用,之后随胁迫时间延长被显著性抑制（P〈0.01）;BDE209对翡翠贻贝外套膜MDA含量的影响呈诱导-抑制反复变化,对内脏团MDA含量的影响表现为明显的诱导效应,其中胁迫第3 d时的诱导率最高,为22.83%。翡翠贻贝外套膜GSH含量在BDE209胁迫初期就被显著诱导（P〈0.01）,随暴露时间延长诱导效应降低,在第15 d时被显著性抑制（P〈0.05）;BDE209可诱导内脏团GSH含量显著性增加（P〈0.05）,但随暴露浓度增加GSH含量明显降低。清水恢复阶段,在清洁海水中恢复3 d后,翡翠贻贝2组织MDA含量和GSH含量相对于对照组仍有显著性增加（P〈0.05）;而SOD活性总体在外套膜中受到抑制、内脏团中受到诱导,仅个别浓度组有所恢复。     

Nutritional value of Pavlova spp. (Prymnesiophyceae) for spat of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis during late-nursery culturing at the hatchery

Three Pavlova species were evaluated for their nutritional value as diets for growth and survival of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis spat during late‐nursery cultivation at a hatchery. Microalgae were provided as monospecific diets (Pavlova salina, P. sp. C50 and P. sp. C53) and in binary combinations of diets 1+2, 1+3 and 2+3 at 80–90 × 10³ cells mL^?1 for 21 days. Juveniles experienced high survival rates and grew well with all dietary treatments, but binary diets yielded greater survival and growth of spat. From the three binary treatments, Diet 6 (P. sp. C50 and P. sp. C53) promoted significantly (P<0.001) fastest growth of juveniles in shell height (0.19 mm day^?1), shell length (0.14 mm day^?1), total wet weight (0.04 g day^?1) and dry weight of meat biomass (0.024 g day^?1). For all shell dimensions, the lowest growth rates occurred with Diets 2 (P. sp. C56 alone) and 3 (P. sp. C50 alone). These results highlight the importance of testing microalgal diets for bivalve spat rather than just relying on published nutritional values.     

4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究

以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好.     

绿色巴夫藻和米氏凯伦藻对3种常见抗生素胁迫的响应研究

在微藻培养过程中加入不同质量浓度抗生素,采用吸光度法测定其生长量。试验结果表明,氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素及链霉素质量浓度小于200μg/mL,对绿色巴夫藻生长有显著促进作用,其中氨苄青霉素质量浓度为200μg/mL、培养11d,生长量最高,为对照组的2.4倍;氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素及链霉素质量浓度为200μg/mL时,绿色巴夫藻的比生长速率分别高出空白对照组45%、83%及3.6%;高于此质量浓度,则表现出微弱抑制作用;氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素及链霉素质量浓度低于800、500、200μg/mL,对米氏凯伦藻有促进作用,其中卡那霉素质量浓度为100μg/mL、培养12d,生长量最高,超过对照组31%;氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素及链霉素质量浓度为800、500、200μg/mL,比生长速率高出空白对照组6.6%、43%及39%;高于此质量浓度,则表现出显著抑制作用;试验证实,氨苄青霉素与链霉素在一定质量浓度下可以促进藻体生长,高于一定质量浓度则表现抑制,不同藻类响应程度及阈值存在较大差异。     

云南怒江干热河谷区咖啡绿蚧周年发生规律研究

对云南怒江干热河谷区咖啡绿蚧的调查表明:咖啡绿蚧单株虫口数量变化与平均温度的变化呈显著正相关(r=0.6984),为害率的变化与单株虫口数量的变化呈极显著正相关(r=0.7651),繁殖速度与平均温度增量呈显著正相关(r=0.6984),扩散传播速度与繁殖速度呈极显著正相关(r=0.8408),周年变化曲线呈双峰曲线。     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CONFUSACRIS FROM DAXING'ANLING AREA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)

CONFUSACRISVIRIDISSP.NoV.(FIGS-l-5)Ma1eBodysmaller,headshort,lengthshorterthanpronotum.Vertextri-angle,withdistinctmediancarina.Foveolaeabsent,fronsseeninprofileverysloping.Frontalridgedistinct,withashal-lowgrooveinaIlthelength.Eyesoblong,itsverticaldiameterl.4otimesthehorizon-taldiameter,l.l7timesthelengthofsubocularsuture.Antennanarrowensiformandlonger,itslengthl.74timesthelengthofheadandpronotum;thelengthofmiddlejointl.83timesitswidth.Anteriormarginofpronotumstraight,posteriorma…     

大青叶蝉卵块空间分布型的研究

１９９０～１９９２年在新疆阿克苏等地，对大青叶蝉卵块分布进行了研究。结果表明：杨树干上大青叶蝉卵块呈聚集分布，分布的基本成分是个体群，由于卵块主要集中于树干０～５０ｃｍ处，致使株间卵块聚集程度减少，有偏向随机分布的倾向。根据聚集均数（λ）判断，其是大青叶蝉的生物学特性即成虫产卵习性所决定的。当ｔ＝１．９６，Ｄ＝０．３时，全株树干不同卵块密度所需最大抽样数ｎ＝４７５５．１７／Ｘ＋２．２７５３；树干０     

应用种间杂交方法进行谷子抗除草剂育种的初步研究

野生青狗尾草与中国栽培谷子进行杂交,并用浸有氟特力溶液的小培养皿进行发芽试验,快速鉴别F2代的抗除草剂性能。抗性被隐性基因控制,但更确切的结果有待进一步试验。氟特力不同用药量的选择试验表明,对氟特力抗性与敏感不同的谷子品种在 0~2.4 L/hm2 的处理表现不同,抗型品种的抗性大约是敏感型抗性的5倍。为我们选育谷子抗性新品种提供了依据。     

Potential for Selection in the Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid in Foxtail Millet

Genetic variation for morphology and grain yield components was studied in the F₂ and 14 F₃ families of an interspecific cross of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) with S. viridis s. s. (green foxtail). It appeared possible to recover the cultivated type using a simple selection procedure in F₂ and F₃. Comparison with a cross involving S. viridis var. major (giant green foxtail) is discussed.     

Fast and efficient discrimination of the Isotoma viridis group (Insecta: Collembola) by PCR-RFLP

Identification of collembolan species is generally based on specific morphological characters, such as chaetotaxy and pigmentation pattern. However, some specimens do not match to described characters because these refer to adult specimens, often of one specific sex, or the characters are highly variable in adults (e.g. pigmentation, setae or furcal teeth). Isozymes have frequently assisted species discrimination, and also these may vary with developmental stage or environmental conditions. For identification of single species of the Isotoma viridis group, we present both direct sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene and a simple DNA-based molecular method.

Five PCR primers amplifying the COII region (717 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA were used. The sequences clearly separated the species I. viridis, I. riparia and I. anglicana, irrespective of colour varieties within the first species. DNA amplification products of different species can also be distinguished by digestion with restriction endonucleases, followed by gel electrophoresis for separation of fragments. This restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), obtained after digestion with the endonucleases TaqI, VspI, MvaI and Bsp143I, revealed specific fragments that separated the three species from each other. Since restriction enzymes are sensitive to single base mutations, we suggest to use a combination of enzymes with at least two species-specific restriction sites when using the RFLP technique. For the I. viridis complex, VspI and Bsp143I appear to be an appropriate combination.