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1.
室温臭氧保鲜草菇研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用不同臭氧浓度处理新鲜草菇,结合聚乙烯薄膜包装保鲜贮藏,以5×10-6臭氧处理草菇效果最好,较对照贮藏寿命延长了10h,延长了38%,各处理的过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和游离氨基酸含量,均随臭氧处理浓度增加而上升。文章对这些生化指标变化进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本试验通过对臭氧杀菌在果蔬贮藏中利用的传统方法——贮藏期间全程杀菌(即利用较低的臭氧浓度长时间杀菌)——加以改进,利用较高浓度臭氧对贮藏草莓进行短时间杀菌的前处理。草莓呼吸旺盛,果皮薄易损伤,采收前后很易遭受微生物的侵染。低温和塑料薄膜包装可以显著降低草莓的呼吸强度和水分损耗,同时结合臭氧杀菌前处理,可以使草莓感染微生物数量明显减少。 相似文献
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臭氧(O3)作为一种易降解无残留的强氧化剂广泛应用于食品保鲜。概述了臭氧对果蔬感官品质、新陈代谢、产品成熟衰老和杀菌控制采后腐败的作用,总结了臭氧在果蔬保鲜中应用的优点和局限性,并对其应用前景和研究作了展望。 相似文献
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[目的]研究臭氧投加量、反应时间对色度、UV254、CODcr、UV410去除的影响,为臭氧氧化工艺的实际应用提供参考。[方法]通过进气流量计调节臭氧投量,考察臭氧投量与反应时间对处理效果的影响,根据实验条件取样测定废水的色度、UV254、CODcr、UV410。[结果]臭氧氧化效果随臭氧量、反应时间的增加而增强,但增强幅度越来越小;经过多次试验得到的最佳运行参数为臭氧投加量为4.1mg/L,反应时间为10 min。[结论]污水处理厂二级生化处理出水经臭氧处理后满足再生水厂根据城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T18920-2002)、观赏性景观环境用水的再生水水质标准(GB/T18921-2002)和工业循环冷却水水质要求(GB50335-2002)确定的再生水厂出水指标。 相似文献
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H. Clayton I. P. McTaggart J. Parker L. Swan K. A. Smith 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(3):252-260
The aim was to investigate the effects of different N fertilisers on nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from agricultural grassland, with a view to suggesting fertiliser practices least likely to cause substantial N2O emissions, and to assess the influence of soil and environmental factors on the emissions. Replicate plots on a clay loam
grassland were fertilised with ammonium sulphate (AS), urea (U), calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), or cattle slurry
supplemented with AN on three occasions in each of 2 years. Frequent measurements were made of N2O flux and soil and environmental variables. The loss of N2O-N as a percentage of N fertiliser applied was highest from the supplemented slurry (SS) treatment and U, and lowest from
AS. The temporal pattern of losses was different for the different fertilisers and between years. Losses from U were lower
than those from AN and CN in the spring, but higher in the summer. The high summer fluxes were associated with high water-filled
pore space (WFPS) values. Fluxes also rose steeply with temperature where WFPS or mineral N values were not limiting. Total
annual loss was higher in the 2nd year, probably because of the rainfall pattern: the percentage losses were 2.2, 1.4, 1.2,
1.1 and 0.4 from SS, U, AN, CN and AS, respectively. Application of U in the spring and AN twice in the summer in the 2nd
year gave an average emission factor of 0.8% – lower than from application of either individual fertiliser. We suggest that
similar varied fertilisation practices, modified according to soil and crop type and climatic conditions, might be employed
to minimise N2O emissions from agricultural land.
Received: 30 August 1996 相似文献
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Climate change effects caused by an increasing concentration of CO2 and ozone represent an issue of major concern both for scientists and policy-makers. In a concerted program funded by the Commission of the European Union, a European network of experiments (in open-top chambers (OTC), and free air carbon dioxide enrichment systems (FACE)) and modelling was carried out to investigate the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 and ozone concentrations, under different climatic conditions, on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje). This contribution describes the experimental network and the standard protocol set-up for the assessments that served to improve and to validate process oriented potato growth simulation models leading to scenarios of future productivity of potato in Europe. 相似文献
9.
Urban forests (UF) provide a range of important ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. Relevant ES delivered by UF include urban temperature regulation, runoff mitigation, noise reduction, recreation, and air purification. In this study the potential of air pollution removal by UF in the city of Florence (Italy) was investigated. Two main air pollutants were considered – particulate matter (PM10) and tropospheric ozone (O3) – with the aim of providing a methodological framework for mapping air pollutant removal by UF and assessing the percent removal of air pollutant.The distribution of UF was mapped by high spatial resolution remote sensing data and classified into seven forest categories. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was estimated spatially using a regression model between in-field LAI survey and Airborne Laser Scanning data and it was found to be in good linear agreement with estimates from ground-based measurements (R2 = 0.88 and RMSE% = 11%). We applied pollution deposition equations by using pollution concentrations measured at urban monitoring stations and then estimated the pollutant removal potential of the UF: annual O3 and PM10 removal accounted for 77.9 t and 171.3 t, respectively. O3 and PM10 removal rates by evergreen broadleaves (16.1 and 27.3 g/m2), conifers (10.9 and 28.5 g/m2), and mixed evergreen species (15.8 and 31.7 g/m2) were higher than by deciduous broadleaf stands (4.1 and 10 g/m2). However, deciduous forests exhibited the largest total removal due to the high percentage of tree cover within the city. The present study confirms that UF play an important role in air purification in Mediterranean cities as they can remove monthly up to 5% of O3 and 13% of PM10. 相似文献
10.
Kevin A. Hughes Kerstin Scherer Petra Rettberg Pete Convey 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(6):1488-1490
In the Arctic, seasonal ozone depletion is resulting in periods of enhanced UV-B radiation at ground level while regional climate change is associated with increasing temperatures. These changes are likely to alter plant distribution, biodiversity and morphology, which may have knock-on effects for microbially driven biogeochemical cycling and other soil processes. Our study examined the transmission of solar UV radiation through arctic tundra plants using a portable UV radiometer and the DLR-biofilm biological UV dosimeter. A strong negative correlation was found between vegetation cover and UV transmission to the soil surface. Penetration of UV to the soil beneath tundra plants varied depending upon plant morphology, being greater through low creeping plants than cushion plants, grasses or mosses. UV transmission to the soil surface beyond the foliage edge also varied with plant morphology and the presence of flowers. 相似文献