First serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in wild birds in Northern Algeria

While the epidemiology of Flaviviruses has been extensively studied in most of the Mediterranean basin, little is known about the current situation in Algeria. In order to detect the circulation of West Nile (WNV) and Usutu viruses (USUV) in Kabylia, 165 sera were collected from two wild birds species, namely the long distance migrant Turdus philomelos (song thrush) (n = 92) and the resident Passer domesticus (house sparrow) (n = 73). A total of 154 sera were first analyzed by commercial competition ELISA. WNV and USUV micro-neutralization tests were performed on all c-ELISA positive sera and all samples with poor volume. Overall, 7.8 % (CI95 %: 3.5–11.9) were positive by c-ELISA. Positive results were detected in 12.5 % (CI95 %:5.6–19.4) of song thrushes and 1.5 % (CI95 %: 0.0–4.5) for sparrow.Micro-neutralization tests revealed an overall seroprevalence of 6.7 % for WNV (CI95 %: 2.9–10.3), Neutralizing antibodies were found in 8.7 % (CI95 %: 3.0–14.4) for song thrushes and in 4.1 % (CI95 %: 0.0–8.7) of sparrows. The current study demonstrates significant seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in wild birds in Algeria.     

菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌防治罗非鱼链球菌病的应用研究

为解决罗非鱼链球菌感染难题,本研究在抗菌肽菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌制剂的基础上,对其进行了抑菌活性、稳定性和罗非鱼养殖应用研究。结果发现:表达产物菌丝霉素对常见致病菌如大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和猪链球菌均有较好的抑菌活性。选用米糠作为菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌的保护剂载体,此制剂可在常温保存一年。通过上述的应用基础试验,初步建立一套菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌制剂养殖应用方案,此方案可显著降低罗非鱼链球菌病发病率58.6%以上。本研究为丁酸梭菌制剂在防治罗非鱼链球菌病应用方面提供了参考,此制剂有望替代抗生素,促进罗非鱼养殖业的持续健康发展。     

上海地区野鸟中伯氏疏螺旋体和西尼罗病毒感染的血清学调查

于2005年从飞抵上海的12种候鸟和4种留鸟中采集208份血清样品,采用酶联荧光测定(ELFA)法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),分别对伯氏疏螺旋体和西尼罗病毒的感染状况进行了血清抗体调查,结果受检野鸟样品的检测结果均为阴性。     

高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理的影响

为探究高水温对尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌病暴发的影响,以体质量为(62.0±3.33)g的尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象,设置生长最适宜组(29°C)和高温应激组(33°C)2个处理水平,暂养7 d后分别进行人工感染实验统计累计死亡率,并于攻毒后0、12、24、48、96和120 h采集血液和组织样本,开展高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理影响的研究。结果显示,水温33°C高温应激组尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率显著高于29°C组;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在感染96 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;谷草转氨酶(AST)活性在感染48 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;钾(K+)和钠(Na+)含量感染120 h时29°C组的值和攻毒前都没有显著性差异,而33°C组分别显著高于和低于攻毒前;肌酐(CREA)含量在感染12 h以后33°C组的值都显著高于29°C组;白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)的值在120 h时33°C组的值显著低于29°C组;血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性29°C组随时间延长而升高,33°C组则先升高后降低,但33°C组的达峰时间更短;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化趋势都是先升高后降低再升高;组织病理学观察显示高温应激使肝细胞排列紊乱,索状结构不清,脾脏和肾脏轻微充血;感染12 h后脾脏均严重充血,感染24 h后脾脏结构均被破坏,呈淀粉样变性,坏死;感染48 h后肾小球均发生萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死;33°C组鱼的肝脏感染96 h后严重脂肪变性和细胞内玻璃样变性,而29°C组鱼的肝脏在感染120 h后才发生相似的病理变化。研究表明高温应激抑制了鱼体免疫系统,降低了尼罗罗非鱼对无乳链球菌的抵抗力,脾脏对无乳链球菌感染响应最快,高温应激使病原菌感染对肝脏损伤更为迅速,感染后期受损更严重。     

我国罗非鱼产业现状分析及提高罗非鱼出口竞争力的措施

综述了我国罗非鱼生产、质量安全及出口贸易情况,分析了我国罗非鱼在出口贸易中可能遇到的技术性贸易壁垒问题,提出了提高我国罗非鱼出口贸易竞争力的相关措施,以期为我国罗非鱼产业的持续稳定健康发展提供参考意见。     

Vitellogenin in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): Induction of two forms by estradiol,quantification in plasma and characterization in oocyte extract

Two forms of vitellogenin were isolated by DEAE agarose ion-exchange chromatography from plasma of the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. The monomers have apparent molecular masses of 200 and 130 kDa, as indicated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and a total amount of phosphorus of 1.7 and 0.1%, respectively. Antibodies specific to the two forms, designated tVTG-200 and tVTG-130, were generated in rabbits and used to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and in Western blot analyses of plasma and oocyte extract. SDS-PAGE of the oocyte extract showed a major protein band at 106.6, minor bands at 26.6, 24.2, and 23.7 kDa, and very faint bands at 83.4 and 17.5 kDa. Western blots of the oocyte extract revealed that the antiserum to tVTG-200 recognized strongly the protein bands at 24.2 and 23.7 kDa, and less strongly the bands at 25.1 and 22.6 kDa, whereas the antiserum to tVTG-130 recognized mainly the protein band at 106.6 kDa. The presence of both VTGs in untreated male tilapia was detected with the ELISAs using relatively high plasma volumes. Their presence in males was confirmed by VTG-like immunoreactive materials eluting from the ion-exchange column at the same positions as tVTG-200 and tVTG-130. The concentrations of the VTGs in males were several orders of magnitude lower than in vitellogenic females. Treatment of male tilapia with estradiol-17β (E₂) induced both VTGs within 24h. After 7 days, tVTG-130 reached a maximum concentration in plasma, whereas tVTG-200 continued to increase. Our findings demonstrate that the two vitellogenins are biochemically distinct, possibly differentially regulated, and made by both sexes.     

水泥池悬挂毛刷丛养殖罗非鱼试验

在水泥池中悬挂毛刷丛,利用其附着的微生物藻类形成的生物膜净化养殖水体水质,进行奥尼罗非鱼(T.aureus♀×T.nilotica♂)养殖试验。试验从2011年5月6日开始,在4口露天水泥池中共投放全长2～3 cm奥尼罗非鱼苗2 400尾,经182 d的养殖,2口试验池共收获1 179尾,平均体重197g/尾,成活率98.25%,总产量232.25 kg;2口对照池共收获906尾,平均体重197.6 g/尾,成活率75.50%,总产量179.02 kg。试验结果表明,试验池能提高水体透明度、维持水温相对稳定和净化水质,实现不换水或少量换水的目的,达到健康养殖的功效。     

Fitting growth with the von Bertalanffy growth function: a comparison of three approaches of multivariate analysis of fish growth in aquaculture experiments

Three approaches for multivariate analysis of fish growth in aquaculture experiments with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.) based on the von Bertalanffy growth curve are presented and compared. The approaches are: an extended Gulland‐and‐Holt (GH) plot, a forced extended GH plot and a multilinear regression analysis for the growth parameter K. All three models provide valuable insight into the major environmental factors influencing the daily growth rate and explain 28–46% of the variance of the observed daily growth rate of the used data set. For all three methods, the modelled parameter is significantly related to the net yield of Nile tilapia and can, therefore, be used for the predictive modelling of management scenarios. The extended GH plot loads the influence of environmental parameters upon L_∞, while the forced extended GH plot and Direct fitting of K load the influence on the growth parameter K. The latter is more in the tradition of aquaculture research. But the forced extended GH plot and Direct fitting of K can only be applied if L_∞ of the cultured species is known, as the selected L_∞ influences the variance in the regression variables.     

高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片品质的影响

文章研究了高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片的保鲜效果,通过罗非鱼片贮藏过程中肉汁渗出率、菌落总数、感官品质、色差值、总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、脂质氧化(TBA)、p H等指标的变化情况,分析比较3.8 kV、1.8 kV、0 V高压静电下罗非鱼肉品质指标的变化。结果表明,高压静电场能够显著改善鱼肉的品质,贮藏至第30天,样品无异味,感官品质良好,可显著抑制肉汁渗出;可有效抑制微生物的生长和挥发性盐基氮的增加,在一定程度上抑制了鱼肉内脂肪氧化,具有较好的保鲜效果。总体上3.8 kV高压静电对鱼肉的保鲜效果优于1.8 kV高压静电,可延长肉片的保质期至30 d。