Effects of docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acids on the early growth, survival, lipid composition and pigmentation of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea): a live food enrichment experiment

The role of dietary ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n−3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n−3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n−6) on early growth, survival, lipid composition, and pigmentation of yellowtail flounder was studied. Rotifers were enriched with lipid emulsions containing high DHA (43.3% of total fatty acids), DHA+EPA (37.4% and 14.2%, respectively), DHA+AA (36.0% and 8.9%), or a control emulsion containing only olive oil (no DHA, EPA, or AA). Larvae were fed differently enriched rotifers for 4 weeks post-hatch. At week 4, yellowtail larvae fed the high DHA diet were significantly larger (9.7±0.2 mm, P<0.05) and had higher survival (22.1±0.4%), while larvae fed the control diet were significantly smaller (7.3±0.2 mm, P<0.05) and showed lower survival (5.2±1.9%). Larval lipid class and fatty acid profiles differed significantly among treatments with larvae fed high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets having higher relative amounts of triacylglycerols (18–21% of total lipid) than larvae in the control diet (11%). Larval fatty acids reflected dietary levels of DHA, EPA and AA while larvae fed the control diet had reduced amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and increased levels of PUFA relative to dietary levels. A strong relationship was observed between the DHA/EPA ratio in the diet and larval size (r²=0.75, P=0.005) and survival (r²=0.86, P=0.001). Following metamorphosis, the incidence of malpigmentation was higher in the DHA+AA diet (92%) than in all other treatments (50%). Results suggest that yellowtail larvae require a high level of dietary DHA for maximal growth and survival while diets containing elevated AA exert negative effects on larval pigmentation.     

短足筒天牛生物学特性的研究*

短足筒天牛（ＯｂｅｒｅａｆｅｒｒｕｇｉｎｅａＴｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ）是危害大叶黄杨的一种主要钻蛀性害虫，在合肥地区１ａ发生一代，以老熟幼虫在多年生枝干内越冬，翌年４月下旬开始化蛹，５月中旬为羽化高峰期，６月上、中旬为卵孵化盛期，１０月中、下旬开始越冬。其发生受光照的影响较大，同时成虫产卵对树势强弱有较强的选择性，植株各部位发生情况亦不相同。采取修剪的方法防治效果最佳。     

First isolation of Vibrio tapetis and an atypical strain of Aeromonas salmonicida from skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda) in the North Sea

Skin ulcerations rank amongst the most prevalent lesions affecting wild common dab (Limanda limanda) with an increase in prevalence of up to 3.5% in the Belgian part of the North Sea. A complex aetiology of these ulcerations is suspected, and many questions remain on the exact factors contributing to these lesions. To construct the aetiological spectrum of skin ulcerations in flatfish, a one‐day monitoring campaign was undertaken in the North Sea. Fifteen fish presented with one or more ulcerations on the pigmented and/or non‐pigmented side. Pathological features revealed various stages of ulcerations with loss of epidermal and dermal tissue, inflammatory infiltrates and degeneration of the myofibers bordering the ulceration, albeit in varying degrees. Upon bacteriological examination, pure cultures of Vibrio tapetis were retrieved in high numbers from five fish and of Aeromonas salmonicida in one fish. The V. tapetis isolates showed cross‐reactivity with the sera against the representative strain of serotype O2 originating form a carpet‐shell clam (Ruditapes descussatus). Moreover, the A. salmonicida isolates displayed a previously undescribed vapA gene sequence (A‐layer type) with possible specificity towards common dab. Further research is necessary to pinpoint the exact role of these agents in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab.     

响铃草黄酮提取物体外抗菌活性研究

为探讨响铃草黄酮提取物的体外抗菌活性.采用乙醇索氏抽提、大孔树脂纯化的方法获得响铃草黄酮提取物,通过打孔扩散法和最低抑菌浓度法(MIC)检测其对4种人体常见致病菌生长的影响.结果表明:响铃草黄酮提取物对供试菌具有不同程度的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最好,对大肠杆菌的抑制作用不明显.响铃草黄酮提取物总黄酮含量为38.51%,该提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、藤黄微球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌圈分别为36 mm、11 mm、9 mm和0 mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、藤黄微球菌最低抑菌浓度分别为6.25 mg/mL、25 mg/mL,50 mg/mL.用乙醇索氏抽提、大孔树脂纯化的方法提纯响铃草总黄酮简便可行.     

Analysis of meso scaled spatial distribution of dab Limanda limanda in the German Bight: does the type of fishing gear matter?

ABSTRACT:   In the North Sea, studies are carried out to assess the effect of offshore windmills on the spatial distributions of various fish species, based on data often obtained from different fishing gears. In this study, spatial analysis of three size classes of dab Limanda limanda in the German Bight was undertaken and the effect of different fishing gear type on analyzing spatial patterns are assessed, using geostatistics. In an area equal in size to a wind park (with ∼ 200 windmills), a comparative fishing experiment was carried out, where a 7 m-beam trawl and an otter trawl were employed. Structural analyses showed a presence of spatial autocorrelation in the catch data in all cases. The use of an efficient sampling gear led to an improved resolution of spatial structuring, but did not necessarily result in reduction of nugget variability. Ecological parameters derived from a spatial analysis were in good agreement in cases of high abundance and similar gear efficiency. Thus, it is shown that the type of gear matters in cases of low species abundance. Therefore, to achieve reliable results of a structural analysis and an accurate spatial assessment of fisheries data, it is recommended that the abundance of the target species (biological group) and efficiency of the sampling gear are considered.     

Corneal ulceration in a dog following exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.)

Objective – To describe a case of corneal ulceration in a dog resulting from ocular exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.). Case Summary – A 4‐year‐old, male Chihuahua in southeastern Louisiana presented to an emergency veterinary hospital approximately 20 hours after it was witnessed to have come in close proximity to a walkingstick insect. Within seconds of approaching the insect, the dog yelped, jumped backwards and developed lacrimation, blepharospasm, and periocular swelling of the left eye. Upon presentation, the dog was found to have blepharospasms and miosis of the left eye. Fluorescein stain was applied to the affected eye and diffuse corneal uptake of stain was noted. A diffuse superficial corneal ulceration was diagnosed and treated supportively with ocular flushing, topical antibiotics, ocular lubrication, and a 1% solution of ocular atropine, as well as systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. Clinical signs resolved 10 days after injury. New or Unique Information Provided – While most species of walkingstick insects are considered harmless, certain species in the southeastern United States have the ability to spray defensive venom at their predators. Upon ocular exposure to the venom, the victim may experience intense pain followed by blurred vision, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. To date, there is only 1 previous reported case of ocular exposure to walkingstick venom in a dog although both children and animals may be at higher risk for ocular exposure due to their curious nature and proximity in size to the insect. Superficial corneal and conjunctival damage can occur following direct exposure to the defensive chemical spray of the Northern and Southern Twostriped walkingstick insects found in the southeastern United States and may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases involving diffuse corneal ulceration.     

Mortality of yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea (Storer), eggs: effects of temperature and hormone-induced ovulation

Yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839), is a highly marketable fish species that used to be a significant groundfish in the northwest Atlantic region. The potential of yellowtail flounder for mass rearing has recently been investigated, but studies into aspects of mortality during early ontogeny are lacking. We investigated the impact of spawning inducement on mortality of eggs from fertilisation until hatch, and the effects of rearing temperature on mortality and hatching time in this multiple batch spawning flounder. An ash-free dry mass (AFDM) technique for determining mortality was employed. This technique reduced rearing tank disturbances and provided quantitative mortality estimates. We found (1) that spontaneously ovulated (SO) mean egg mass (AFDM 24.84±0.73 μg) was significantly higher than mean egg mass from induced ovulation (IO) (AFDM 20.09±0.54 μg); (2) that mortality of SO eggs was lower than IO eggs (p=0.028), (3) that SO eggs reached a relatively constant (maximum) mortality by about day 3 and IO eggs by about day 5; (4) that there was no significant difference in mortality between eggs incubated at 10 °C and those incubated at 4 °C (p=0.320); and (5) that time to 100% hatch took significantly longer for eggs incubated at 4 °C (256.0±73.5 h) than those incubated at 10 °C (77.9±11.6 h) (p=0.003). There was considerable variation in egg mortality among batches and females; nevertheless, general trends indicate that GnRHa-induction of ovulation tends to decrease egg quality. In addition, the AFDM technique was an easily employed and accurate method of determining mortality. We recommend that unless coordination of spawning is important to a particular rearing protocol, induced ovulation should not be employed.     

光照对黄盖鲽仔鱼生长_发育及摄食的影响

光照对黄盖鲽仔鱼的生长、发育及摄食有显著影响,各组仔鱼的体长与体高在２０日时均产生极显著的差异;Ｄｕｎｃａｎ多范围检验表明：４０－６０ｌｘ光照度下仔鱼生长最好;在４０－７０００ｌｘ范围内随光照度的增强,生长则变差,存活率下降,畸形个体增加,暗条件下及３－６ｌｘ条件下的仔鱼在１２日龄时全部因饥饰物而死亡。在卵黄囊期的各组仔鱼不受外界环境影响,生长情况近似。４０－７０００ｌｘ光照度之间的５且在４日龄至