小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响及其在低温胁迫下的抗氧化应激效应

本试验分为生长试验和低温胁迫试验2部分.先分别投喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys cro-cea)仔鱼经不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 mL/m3)小肽营养强化后的轮虫和卤虫12 d,以探讨小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响;再将大黄鱼仔鱼暴露在温度为12℃的水体中24 h,以探讨小肽对低温胁迫下大黄...     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.     

超低温冷冻保存对大黄鱼精子酶活性的影响

研究超低温(-196℃)冷冻保存对大黄鱼(Pseudosiaena crocea)精子内总ATP酶、肌酸激酶(CK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等酶活性的影响。运用试剂盒分别测定了冷冻前后大黄鱼精子内酶活性的变化。结果表明,经过超低温冷冻保存后,大黄鱼精子的活力下降,精子内GR活性从(4.42±0.29)U·L-1增加到(58.93±2.26)U·L-1(P<0.05);其它几种酶的活性均显著下降(P<0.05),总ATP酶、CK、SDH的活性分别从冻前的(60.16±5.88)U·mL-1、(11.91±0.76)U·mL-1和(51±2.16)U·mL-1下降到(3.54±0.37)U·mL-1、(10.22±0.32)U·mL-1和(31.5±2.08)U·mL-1;LDH、SOD和CAT活性从冻前的(7 806.44±110.11)U·L-1、(42.65±1.56)U·mL-1和(119.91±8.10)U·mL-1下降到(2 654.13±70.06)U·L-1、(31.99±1.57)U·mL-1和(55.87±2.32)U·mL-1。超低温冷冻保存对大黄鱼精子活力和精子酶活性均有显著影响。     

大黄鱼苗淀粉卵涡鞭虫病的诊断及防治方法

淀粉卵涡鞭虫是大黄鱼苗种培育危害最大的寄生虫之一.本文对大黄鱼苗淀粉卵涡鞭虫病发生的临床症状和防控方法进行了研究,除常规防治方法外,利用双氧水与高锰酸钾合用也可起到杀灭虫体,减少寄生数量的效果.同时,本文分析和比较了发生寄生虫病的育苗池水与正常池水的水质理化因子,为有效诊断和防治大黄鱼苗淀粉卵涡鞭虫病提供基础材料.     

玻璃钢水槽内大黄鱼养殖环境噪声测量与分析

利用水下声音测量系统,分别记录了开放式圆形玻璃钢水槽内养殖环境噪声和大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)摄食过程声音,并进行声压级(sound pressure levels,SPL)计算和频谱特征分析。结果表明:(1)养殖环境噪声SPL约为110.27 d B(d B re:1μPa),包括主频率峰值为100 Hz的养殖工作设备与水槽内壁的低频共振噪声、1 250 Hz的表层水体气泡噪声、1 600~2 500 Hz的曝气石、增氧机、空气压缩机工作噪声;(2)增氧机和曝气关闭时,大黄鱼摄食过程声音SPL约为92.65 d B,高于背景噪声SPL,主要为游泳声音70~500Hz、吞食产生的水体表面搅动与气泡破裂的声音1 000~2 000 Hz、咀嚼颗粒饵料声音2 000~4 500 Hz;(3)增氧机和曝气开启时,背景噪声SPL略高于摄食声音约17.62 d B,且摄食声音无法区别于背景噪声,但并未影响鱼类摄食行为。     

环境因子对大黄鱼精子活力的影响

通过观测精子的激活率、活动时间和寿命研究了几种环境因子的变化对养殖大黄鱼精子活力的影响。试验结果表明:精子平均密度为(1.17±0.09)×1010.ml-1,盐度对大黄鱼精子活力影响较大。当海水盐度适宜(19.61~24.87)时,精子的激活率≥90%,活动时间≥9.65 min,寿命≥13.50 min;在pH=4.0~10.0的海水中,精子都能被正常激活(≥70%),适宜的pH值为7.5~8.0;不同浓度的葡萄糖、NaCl和KCl溶液对精子活力的影响不同,不同浓度的EDTA-2Na溶液均不能激活精子;无Ca2 、Mg2 或HCO3-的人工海水对精子的激活率均高达90%,但精子的活动时间却有较大幅度的缩减。     

黄颡鱼暴发性流行病病原的分离鉴定及其3种毒力基因检测

为查明黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)暴发性流行病的病原菌及其3种毒力基因的携带情况,以常规方法进行细菌分离,人工感染试验确定病原菌的致病性,API 20NE和16S rRNA基因序列分析进行细菌鉴定,PCR扩增法检测病原菌的3种毒力基因。结果显示,从发病症状典型的黄颡鱼肝脏中分离到1株嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)GXGP1,与嗜水气单胞菌标准株ATCC 7966T的同源性为99.9%,对黄颡鱼有很强致病力,是引起黄颡鱼暴发性流行病的病原菌,该菌携带有Aer、hly和ahp 3种毒力基因。     

岱衢族大黄鱼放流增殖试验

为了恢复舟山渔场本地种岱衢族大黄鱼（Pseudosciaenac Focea）资源,2000～2009年进行了岱衢族大黄鱼增殖放流试验。10年间共放流了经过人工繁育的岱衢族大黄鱼苗种1288．0×10^4尾,其中包括标志鱼62680尾。回捕标志鱼1432尾,平均回捕率2．73％。回捕试验结果表明,在岱衢洋进行本地大黄鱼的放流可行,体外挂牌法适合于大黄鱼的标志放流,放流鱼苗不仅可以成活、生长,还能够产卵、增殖并进行洄游;放流使舟山渔场本地岱衢族大黄鱼资源得到显著恢复,并产生了一定的经济效益。     

大黄鱼选育群体与野生群体杂交 F1生长性状研究

利用大黄鱼野生群体与选育F1养殖群体杂交及群体内自繁,获得选育F1（♀）×野生（♂）、野生（♀）×选育F1（♂）、野生（♀）×野生（♂）和选育F1（♀）×选育F1（♂）4个组合的子代,对其卵径、油球径以及2～10月龄全长、体长和体质量进行分析比较。试验结果表明,选育F1（♀）×野生（♂）卵径最大,并与野生（♀）×野生（♂）之间存在显著性差异（P＜0．05）,4个群体油球径差异不显著（P＞0．05）;体质量是大黄鱼群体间杂交主要表现的生长性状,9月龄体质量双亲杂种优势最大为14．48％,野生（♀）×选育F1（♂）体质量杂种优势最大为25．68％;野生（♀）×选育F1（♂）的全长特定生长率为1．92％／d ,体质量为5．60％／d及选育F1（♀）×野生（♂）体长为1．99％／d ,是4个群体中最大特定生长率;拟合体长（L）与体质量（m）关系,选育F1（♀）×野生（♂）为 m＝0．0277L2．8045（r2＝0．9980）,野生（♀）×选育F1（♂）为 m＝0．0210 L2．9287（r2＝0．9993）,野生（♀）×野生（♂）为 m＝0．0236 L2．8592（r2＝0．9916）,选育F1（♀）×选育F1（♂）为 m＝0．0228 L2．8946（r2＝0．9984）。试验结果表明,通过野生群体与选育养殖群体的杂交能提高大黄鱼子代的经济性状。     

鱼类特有的Ring型E3泛素连接酶MARCH5A基因在刺激隐核虫感染下的表达分析

为探究大黄鱼MARCH5A的免疫作用,实验采用反转录PCR确认了该基因的c DNA序列。该序列全长1045 bp,包含1个长度为867 bp的开放阅读框,编码288个氨基酸;序列分析显示该蛋白含1个RINGv和4个跨膜结构域。进化树分析表明大黄鱼有11个MARCH家族蛋白(与哺乳动物相同),但鱼类存在多个亚型,MARCH5A为鱼类特有蛋白,其蛋白理化性质和三维结构均与MARCH5B存在一定的差异。荧光定量PCR分析显示,MARCH5A在健康大黄鱼的多个组织中均有表达,在血液和心脏中表达量最高,其次为鳃和脑,而在肾脏和皮肤中表达量最少。刺激隐核虫感染大黄鱼后,MARCH5A在皮肤中早期表达量显著上调,第2天为对照组的9.65倍,后期下调。在鳃、脾脏和头肾中的前期表达量也有所增加,后期下降。结果表明大黄鱼MARCH5A在抗刺激隐核虫免疫应答过程中可能发挥重要作用。