Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public shelters in Serbia

Data on endoparasitic infections in dogs from dog shelters in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public dog shelters in the Republic of Serbia. In 2017 and 2018, individual and pooled fecal samples, were collected from 1267 dogs from six shelters. All samples were qualitatively examined for parasites using flotation tests. Seven taxa of intestinal parasites were identified: Cystoisospora spp., ascarids: Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, hookworms, Trichuris vulpis, taeniids and Dipylidium caninum. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 58. 3 % (78. 1 % in young dogs and 53.1 % in adult dogs). The parasites detected in both young (<1 year old) and adult dogs (>1 year old) were Cystoisospora spp. (20 % and 4.9 %), T. canis (33.5 % and 14.7 %), T. leonina (7.7 % and 2.3 %), and hookworms (16.9 % and 15 %), respectively. However, T. vulpis (9.6 %), taeniids (1.3 %), and D. caninum (5.4 %) were detected only in adult dogs. In the Belgrade shelter, young dogs had a higher prevalence of endoparasitic infections (18.9 %, 49/260) than adult dogs (14.8 %, 149/1007). In the Subotica, Jagodina and Niš shelters, young dogs had significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) prevalence of endoparasitic infections (10 %, 12.3 % and 14.6 %) than adult dogs (5.3 %, 8 % and 7.2 %). These results will be useful for establishing health care programs in dog shelters and implementing effective strategies for the control of intestinal parasites.     

富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质、肠道菌群及结构的影响

本试验旨在研究富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质及肠道的影响。选取505日龄健康的海兰褐壳蛋鸡480只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加12、16、20 mg/kg的富锗酵母菌培养物。预试期7 d,正试期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肉的蒸煮损失分别降低45.2%、33.6%、39.7%(P<0.01),pH均高于对照组(P<0.01);16mg/kg组腿肌的亮度(L~*)低于对照组(P<0.05);12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肌的剪切力分别比对照组低44.13%、56.07%、50.60%(P<0.01);各试验组胸肌pH均高于对照组(P<0.01),16mg/kg组的pH高于12、20mg/kg组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,16mg/kg组乳酸菌数量升高(P<0.05);空肠中,各试验组的绒毛长度高于对照组(P<0.01);16、20 mg/kg组绒毛长度/隐窝深度高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果显示,日粮中添加富锗酵母培养物可以改善下笼蛋鸡小肠的形态结构和肠道菌群平衡,提高鸡肉品质,建议添加量为16 mg/kg。     

野外放归大熊猫肠道菌群变化的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的一只野外放归亚成体大熊猫肠道菌群的组成和季节变化规律进行了研究,同时与其圈养双胞胎兄弟的肠道菌群进行了比较。从放归大熊猫粪便中分离出17种肠道菌,优势菌群为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌。与圈养大熊猫相比,放归大熊猫肠道菌群中优势菌群的种类未发生改变,但是肠球菌数量增加,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量减少。研究发现放归大熊猫肠道菌群中的肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量随季节变化有较大波动,乳杆菌的数量随季节变化波动不大;而圈养大熊猫三种优势菌的数量随季节变化波动都不大。     

Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria or synthetic TLR2 agonist boost the growth of chicken embryo intestinal organoids in cultures comprising epithelial cells and myofibroblasts

The intestinal epithelial cells reside in close proximity to myofibroblasts and microbiota, which are supposed to have an impact on intestinal stem cells fate and to influence processes of tissue maturation and regeneration. Mechanism underlying these phenomena and their diversity among vertebrates can be studied in 3D organoid cultures. We investigated the growth of chicken embryo intestinal epithelial organoids in Matrigel with and without Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation. The organoid cultures contained also some myofibroblasts with potential to promote intestinal stem cell survival. Organoid cells, expressing TLR4, TLR2 type 1 and TLR2 type 2 were incubated with their agonists (lipopolysaccharide – LPS and Pam3CSK4) or co-cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria (LA-5). Pam3CSK4 and LA-5 promoted organoid growth, which was demonstrated by comparing the morphological parameters (mean number and area of organoids). The profile of prostaglandins (PG), known to promote intestinal regeneration, in supernatants from organoid and fibroblast cultures were evaluated. Both PGE₂ and PGD₂ were detected. As compared to unstimulated controls, supernatants from the Pam3CSK4-stimulated organoids contained twice as much of PGE₂ and PGD₂. The changes in production of prostaglandins and the support of epithelial cell growth by myofibroblasts are factors potentially responsible for stimulatory effect of TLR2 activation.     

中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展

对近年来国内外有关中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落结构的影响进行了综述,旨在为开发绿色高效、营养全面的饲料提供科学的理论依据。     

内毒素对肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞内分泌一氧化氮和内皮素的影响

目的是研究内毒素（lipopolysaccharide; LPS）导致肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞损伤的作用机制。将所培养的肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分为空白对照组和LPS组，每组按时间分为4个亚组：3h、6h、9h、12h。空白对照组加维持培养液，LPS组加1μg/ml LPS培养液，在CO2培养箱内静置培养。结果表明，一氧化氮（NO）分泌明显升高，3h后达到高峰，随后逐渐降低，而内皮素（endothelin; ET）分泌急剧升高，9h后达到高峰，随后又开始逐渐降低，但一直保持在较高的水平。所以引起了NO和ET的升高可能是LPS导致肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞的损伤机制。     

牛磺酸对卵形鲳鲹肠道微生物及免疫功能的影响

为了探讨牛磺酸对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)肠道微生物菌群结构和免疫功能的影响,试验以鱼粉、发酵豆粕和玉米蛋白粉为基础蛋白源配制了牛磺酸质量分数分别为1.3 g·kg-1(T0)、4.4 g·kg-1(T1)、7.4 g·kg-1(T2)、10.5 g·kg-1(T3)、12.7 g·kg-1(T4...     

不同脆化阶段草鱼肠道菌群动态变化、血清酶指标及生长性能

本研究旨在探讨草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)不同脆化阶段的肠道菌群组成结构、血清酶活性及生长性能,进而衡量脆肉鲩形成过程中的生理生化变化,以期为脆肉鲩的健康养殖提供科学数据.脆化不同阶段(30、60、90和120 d)的草鱼,在脆化结束后转投喂人工配合饲料30 d(第150天),鉴定整个过程中草鱼肠道菌群组成、血清酶活性和生长性能的变化.结果表明,60～150 d蚕豆组草鱼体重均低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),90～120 d蚕豆组草鱼头肾体指数(head kidney somatic index,HKBI)和肝体指数(hepatosomatic index,HSI)均低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),150 d时蚕豆组草鱼肝体指数与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05);蚕豆组草鱼血清碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和补体C3(第30天除外)活性均低于对照组的,在转投喂饲料后,3种血清酶活性均出现回升趋势;与对照组相比,蚕豆组草鱼肠道菌群多样性降低,芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)等有益菌数量减少,维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)、温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)和鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)等条件致病菌数量增多.两组草鱼肠道核心菌群主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria).本研究结果提示,随着脆化时间的增加,摄食蚕豆改变草鱼肠道菌群组成、抑制血清酶活性和生长性能,在转投饲料后其肠道菌群、血清酶活性及生长性能均有所改善.本研究结果对脆肉鲩的健康养殖具有重要的科学指导意义.     

多菌种复合益生素对三黄鸡的生产性能及肠道主要菌群的影响

选用1 560只1日龄的广西岑溪三黄肉仔鸡,随机分成2组,每组780只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮由基础日粮加0.1%的益生素组成,饲养时间6周,研究多菌种复合菌益生素对三黄鸡的生产性能和肠道主要菌群的影响。试验结果表明:全期试验组的平均日增重比对照组高12.58%(P<0.01),料重比比对照组低9.23%(P<0.05);试验结束时,雏鸡空肠和盲肠大肠杆菌数量分别比对照组低27.61%(P<0.05)和25.57%(P<0.05),乳酸菌数量分别比对照组高16.12%(P>0.05)和11.28%(P>0.05)。