北京地区棚栽台湾青枣品种抗冷性研究

为了探讨台湾青枣各品种在北京地区进行大棚栽植的的抗冷性,本研究对引种到北京地区的11个台湾青枣品种进行了连续6个月的生理指标测定,其中包括叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、叶片电导率、叶片可溶性糖含量及过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明台湾青枣在北京地区进行设施栽培能够正常越冬,综合5个生理指标,9号的抗冷性在11个品种中表现最为突出。     

中国草鱼和泰国草鱼利用牧草作食饵的比较

通过对中国草鱼（Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｄｏｎｉｄｅｌｌａ）和泰国草鱼（Ｐｕｎｔｉｕｓｇｏｎｉｏｎｏｔｕｓ）分别在常规的尼罗罗非鱼（Ｏｒｅｃｈｒｏｍｉｓ，ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ）、鲤鱼（Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ）和黑鱼（Ｃｈａｎｎａｓｔｒｉａｔａ）混养体系中养殖７个月，比较两者对牧草（Ｂｒａｃｈｉａｒｉａｍｕｔｉｃａ）的利用效果。试验结果表明，中国草鱼与泰国草鱼相比，无论是每尾体重，还是每尾体长、平均每尾日增重都有明显优势（Ｐ＜０．０５）．而且，放养３个月后，中国草鱼每尾体重和每尾日增重均极显著地优于泰国草鱼（Ｐ＜０．０１）．中国草鱼和泰国草鱼的年产量分别为２１８６ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２，１２３３ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２．中国草鱼的成活率比泰国草鱼低，两者分别为３８％和８６％。     

Resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. II. Crosses with resistant Triticum dicoccoides sel. G-25

A comparison was made between the genes in 29 new selections of wild emmer wheat resistant to yellow rust over wide geographic areas and the previously extensively studied selectionTriticum dicoccoides G-25. In 23 selections the resistance may be conferred by 1 dominant gene; these include 11 selections in which the gene is different from the dominant gene in sel. G-25 and two others in which the genes were closely linked or allelic to the gene in G-25, differing from sel. G-25 by race-specificity. Two dominant genes different from the gene in sel. G-25, seem to be present in one selection. In five selections the resistance may be conferred by one or two recessive genes, including three instances in which the recessive gene was associated with a dominat gene. Our findings show that at least 19 out of the 29 selections studied possess genes which are different from the gene inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25.Samenvatting In dit onderzoek werden 29 nieuwe resistente wilde-emmer selecties (Triticum dicoccoides) gekruist met de reeds uitvoerig bestudeerde resistente selectie G-25, om na te gaan of de resistentie van de nieuwe selecties wordt veroorzaakt door genen op dezelfde locus als het dominante gen in sel. G-25 of dat er andere loci bij zijn betrokken. De ouders, de F₁-en F₂-populaties van een bepaalade selectie werden in het kiemplantstadium getoetst met één Israëlisch gele-roest isolaat van fysio 2E0 of van fysio 2E18. In de uitsplitsende F₂-populaties werden de niet-sporulerende planten als resistent beschouwd en de sporulerende als vatbaar.In de F₂-populaties van 12 herkomsten werden geen vatbare planten gevonden, hetgeen er op duidt dat de resistentie wordt veroorzaakt door een gen op dezelfde locus als het gen in G-25 of door een gen dat neuw gekoppeld is aan het gen in G-25. Voor twee van deze herkomsten kan op basis van een fysio-specifieke interactie worden vastgesteld dat de resistentie berust op allelen die verschillen van het allel in sel. G-25. In 11 herkomsten werd een uitsplitsing voor twee dominante gene gevonden (RS=151), waarbij het tweede dominante gen uit de getoetste nieuwe selectie afkomstig is. De aanwezigheid van twee dominante genen verschillend van het gen in sel. G-25 werd gevonden in één herkomst (631). In de overige vijf selecties bleek de resistentie te worden veroorzaakt door één of twee recessieve genen waarnaast in drie gevallen ook nog een dominant gen werd gevonden.De resultaten tonen aan dat tenminste 19 van de 29 bestudeerde selecties resistentiegenen bezitten die verschillen van het gen inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25. Slechts in twee van deze selecties kan het gen allel zijn met het gen in sel. G-25.     

Functional Analysis of ABC Transporter Genes From Botrytis cinerea Identifies BcatrB as a Transporter of Eugenol

The role of multiple ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter genes from the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in protection against natural fungitoxic compounds was studied by expression analysis and phenotyping of gene-replacement mutants. The expression of 11 ABC (BcatrA–BcatrK) and three MFS genes (Bcmfs1, Bcmfs2 and Bcmfs4) was studied. All genes showed a low basal level of expression, but were differentially induced by treatment with cycloheximide and the plant defence compounds camptothecin, eugenol, psoralen, resveratrol and rishitin. The latter compounds induced expression of BcatrB at a high level. Eugenol was more toxic to BcatrB gene-replacement mutants than to the control isolates. Eugenol also caused an instantaneous increase in mycelial accumulation of the fungicide fludioxonil, a known substrate of BcatrB. However, there was no difference in virulence between the wild-type and BcatrB gene-replacement mutants on Ocimum basilicum, a plant known to contain eugenol. The results indicate that BcatrB is a transporter of lipophilic compounds, such as eugenol, but its role in virulence remains uncertain.     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。     

Outpacing the resistance tsunami: Antimicrobial stewardship in equine medicine,an overview

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is the term increasingly used to describe the multiple approaches needed to sustain the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs in the face of the increasing development and spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens, and the global crisis in medicine that it is engendering. The concept and the practices associated with AMS continue to evolve but the general approach is a dynamic and multifaceted one of continuous improvement based on reducing, improving, monitoring and evaluating the use of antimicrobials so as to preserve their future efficacy and to protect human and animal health. Using many equine examples, this basic overview discusses the multiple and interacting elements of AMS: Practice guidelines, infection control and prevention, clinical microbiology, resistance and use surveillance, dosage, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, regulation, education and owner compliance, leadership, coordination and measurement. There have been impressive advances in recent years in reporting and analysis of AMR in horses, in the scrutiny and assessment of how antimicrobial drugs are used in horses and in identification of areas for improvement including dosing, surgical prophylaxis, infection control, development of practice standards and the use of clinical microbiology. Antimicrobial stewardship is taking shape as we start to see the emergence of evidence-based recommendations but far more is required. Containing and even rolling back AMR will need the continued engagement of practitioners, equine national and international practitioner organisations, researchers and educators in the academic community, horse owners, regulators and others.     

加强国家农业重大科技基础设施建设刍议

国家重大科技基础设施是国家为在科学技术前沿取得重大突破、解决经济社会发展和国家安全中的战略性、基础性和前瞻性科技问题而投资建设的科学技术研究设施。加强农业领域国家重大科技基础设施建设,对提升我国农业科技创新能力,强化科技对现代农业的支撑与引领作用等具有战略意义。     

高职营销类专业多途径项目化教学的实践探索

高职院校营销类专业学生培养，应将多途径项目化教学与社会服务实践相融合，综合考虑目标、过程、应用、评估等方面，并与社会服务实践进行融合，最终达成社会服务能力建设、高职院校人才培养目标。     

农业科研重大设施运行费实施成效与对策建议

文章总结了中央级农业科研单位重大专用设施运行费的现状与实施成效，分析了执行过程中存在的突出问题，提出了加强管理的对策建议。