斑点叉尾鮰对3种致病菌灭活菌苗的免疫应答

将经福尔马林灭活的柱状嗜纤维菌(Cytophaga columnaris)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophi-la)和叉尾鮰爱德华菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)作为免疫原,分别接种斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatusRafinsque)后,通过测定受免鱼的交叉凝集抗体效价、头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性及用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒的方法,探讨了斑点叉尾鮰对3种灭活菌苗的免疫应答状况。试验结果表明,对斑点叉尾鮰经腹腔注射接种3种灭活菌苗能刺激受免鱼产生较强的免疫应答,受免鱼产生了对3种致病菌的特异性凝集抗体和交叉凝集抗体,与未接种菌苗的对照鱼相比,受免鱼头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性明显上升,活菌攻毒的结果也证明了受免斑点叉尾鮰对C.columnaris,A.hydrophila和E.ictaluri产生了不同程度的相对免疫保护率(RPS)。     

Evaluation of a 4‐h static copper sulphate treatment against experimental infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

The efficacy of copper sulphate (CuSO₄) against the early stages of an experimental acute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was evaluated. Fish were challenged, by waterborne exposure to F. columnare in an ultra‐low flow‐through water delivery system, and treated with CuSO₄ at 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 at 5.5 h post challenge for 4 h. Bacterial challenged non‐treated fish acted as a positive control and non‐challenged non‐treated fish acted as a negative control. Fish challenged with F. columnare and treated with CuSO₄ at 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 post challenge had mortalities of 6.4% and 18.3%, respectively, compared with the positive control, which had 90.2% mortality. The mortality of challenged fish treated with CuSO₄ at 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 was significantly different from the positive control. There was no significant difference between the mortalities of the 4.2 and 2.1 mg L^?1 treatments. The results suggest that CuSO₄ has clear therapeutic value against columnaris infections.     

斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系

本文运用生物学统计方法对2700尾斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长与体重的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在本试验条件下,斑点叉尾［鱼回］苗种全长主要集中在15．5—17．5cm,体重主要集中在20～35g;体重与全长之间存在极显著相关关系;体重与全长之间的关系主要表现为幂函数关系,其关系式为Y=0．009X2．933。     

酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾免疫应答的增强作用

在饲料中添加定量的酵母免疫多糖,投喂注射接种了福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)菌苗的斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus),28 d后通过测定供试鱼的增重量、血清中凝集抗体效价、溶菌酶活性、谷丙转氨酶活性(SGPT)、血清总蛋白含量、白细胞吞噬活性以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率(RPS),探讨了酵母免疫多糖对受免斑点叉尾免疫应答的增强作用。结果表明,用添加200.0 mg/(kg.d)酵母免疫多糖的饲料投喂受免斑点叉尾,不仅可以使受免斑点叉尾对灭活嗜水气单胞菌的免疫应答水平提高,增强抵抗嗜水气单胞菌人工感染的能力,而且还具有一定的促进生长和改善肝功能的作用。     

甘草次酸对斑点叉尾（鱼回）免疫应激下血浆抗氧化酶和免疫指标的影响

为探讨斑点叉尾(鮰)免疫应激状态下血浆抗氧化酶和免疫指标的变化,并研究甘草次酸对斑点叉尾(鮰)免疫应激的调控机制,实验设计两组,每组6个重复:1)对照组,饲喂基础饲料;2)GA组,饲喂含0.15 g/kg甘草次酸饲料,养殖8周后,腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS),分别在注射后0、3、6、12、24、48 h采集血液和肝脏组织,进行红细胞、白细胞计数,分离血浆后检测血浆皮质醇、溶菌酶、ACH50、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,肝脏匀浆液检测SOD、MDA和CAT抗氧化酶活性.结果显示,在腹腔注射LPS后,血浆溶菌酶、皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、ACH50、SOD均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,白细胞计数、血浆CAT呈现先下降后升高的趋势;饲料中添加0.15 g/kg甘草次酸显著抑制了各指标变化,缩短了由LPS诱导产生各指标变化的恢复时间.研究表明,腹腔注射LPS使斑点叉尾(鮰)产生免疫应激,并在注射后6～12h达到顶峰;饲料中添加0.15 g/kg甘草次酸可以有效抑制由LPS诱导的免疫应激反应.     

白僵菌菌株退化与培养条件关系及其控制技术

通过对 1 0个菌株在 5种培养基上继代培养情况检测 ,探讨了不同培养基对菌种稳定性、产孢量和毒力的影响 ,结果显示 ,菌落局变的分离株多表现为菌落生长速率增加 ,产孢能力下降 ,对寄主害虫毒力降低趋势 .经过比较 ,以营养贫乏的 PDA培养基培养容易产生变异 ,以含虫尸、蛋白胨加 PDA培养基 (CPPDA)培养最为稳定 ,表明氮源是影响变异的主要因子 ,但菌株变异主要决定于本身的遗传物质 ;并提出了控制菌种退化的有效措施     

斑点叉尾鮰暴发性败血症的免疫预防研究

通过试验确定了嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)全菌苗的福尔马林安全灭活浓度、最佳灭活温度及时间,并选取最佳灭活方式,制备了全菌苗F-1、F-2和F-3。采用所得全菌苗免疫斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus),测定了其对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫原性。经注射接种28d后,受免斑点叉尾鮰血清中凝集抗体效价都有显著增加。受免斑点叉尾鮰血液白细胞吞噬活性的测定结果表明,3个免疫组的吞噬百分比和吞噬指数都显著地高于对照组。这表明,采用福尔马林灭活的全菌苗F-1、F-2和F-3,均能在28d内刺激斑点叉尾鮰产生较强的免疫应答。     

斑点叉尾鮰鱼肠蛋白酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质

以斑点叉尾鮰Ictalurus punctatus鱼肠道为原料提取蛋白酶,对分离条件进行了优化,并对部分酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明：鱼肠内的蛋白酶在硫酸铵饱和度为70%时,所得沉淀中酶活力最高。经过阴离子交换层析分离后,蛋白酶的纯化倍数达到了218倍。该蛋白酶的最适温度为55℃,最适pH为7.5,具有良好的低温稳定性和酸碱稳定性,米氏常数为5.4 g/L。K^＋和Ca^2＋离子对该蛋白酶活性有较弱的激活作用,Mg^2＋则能显著激活蛋白酶活性;Na＋和Zn2＋对蛋白酶的活性有较弱抑制作用,而Cu^2＋和EDTA能显著抑制蛋白酶活性。     

Effects of Water Temperature on Sock Grading of Sub-Marketable Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,in Earthen Ponds

Abstract

The passive sock grading method used by commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, farmers to grade and reduce the number of under-sized fish delivered to processing plants was assessed on an experimental scale. The assessment was conducted at the Aquaculture Research Station at the University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff in 0.1-ha earthen ponds. A rectangular holding sock was fabricated with dimensions of 0.9 m in width, 2.4 m in length, and 1.2 m in depth. The mesh size of the sock was 4.4 cm and the mesh material was nylon netting, 0.64 cm in diameter. Seventeen groups of channel catfish, were graded, with group weights ranging from approximately 115 to 370 kilograms. Fish were held in the sock for approximately three hours (±0.27 hours). The water temperature during the trials ranged from 7.3°C to 28.7°C. The percent removal of fish less than 0.45 kg during the three-hour holding period ranged from 27.6% to 73.3%. Overall, sock grading efficiency increased with increasing water temperature and at water temperatures above 15°C a greater percentage of fish less than 0.45 kg were not retained in the socks.     

松毛虫CPV、菌毒复合剂防治马尾松毛虫试验效果调查

对松毛虫ＣＰＶ及菌毒复合剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ号防治马尾松毛虫的药效调查结果，ＣＰＶ具有在林间水平、垂直传播、扩散的特点，对马尾松毛虫幼虫、蛹等虫态均有毒杀作用。用药量为１２００～２４００亿ＰＩＢ／ｈｍ２时，防治效果好，持效期长，是一种极具开发前景的高效生物杀虫剂