不同周龄大耳白兔血液生理生化指标的测定

为了明确大耳白兔中国兽药监察所封闭群的生物学特性，对其血液生理生化指标进行了测定。选5、10及13周龄的雄兔和雌兔。空腹采血测定红细胞、白细胞等16项血液生理指标和血糖、总蛋白等16项生化指标。10周龄的红细胞数、白细胞数、红细胞压积和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量高于5周龄和13周龄，雌雄间血液生理指标无明显差异，血清丙氨酸转氨酶含量随着周龄的增加而升高，碱性磷酸则随着周龄的增加而下降。与日本大耳白兔相比，主要血液生理指标比较接近，丙氨酸转氨酸、白蛋白、尿素氮、直接胆红素等血液生化指标相近，其他指标有所不同。测定结果表明，该封闭群具有不同于日本大耳白兔（Slc:JW/CSK)的生物学特性。     

中药复方制剂对患子宫内膜炎奶牛部分血液学指标的影响

为探讨中药复方对患有子宫内膜炎奶牛部分血液学指标的影响,对12头用药前后奶牛血液中的Ca、P、血红蛋白含量、红细胞沉降率进行了测定,并对血液中的红细胞、白细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞进行了计数.结果显示,中药复方能够显著增加血液中的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、淋巴细胞和单核细胞比例(P<0.05),极显著降低血液中的中性粒细胞比例(P<0.01),表明中药复方能够调节部分血液指标使之恢复到正常水平,这可能也是该药发挥药效的途径之一.     

Effects of deltamethrin on hematological parameters and enzymatic activity in Ancistrus multispinis (Pisces, Teleostei)

Deltamethrin (DM) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in Brazilian crops and in pest-control programs because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. It has been shown to exert a wide range of effects on non-targeted organisms including fishes. The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of deltamethrin through the hematological and biochemical parameters using Ancistrus multispinis as animal model. First, blood of A. multispinis was collected by cardiac puncture in order to evaluate the basal values of the total cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit rates. A. multispinis showed low number leukocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin compared to other species. The intoxication with DM (0.1 or 0.3 mg kg⁻¹) induced leukocytosis and increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels 96 h after the injection when compared to vehicle-injected animals. The injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also induced a significant leukocytosis and increased the erythrocytes number 4 h after the injection. The combination of the higher dose of DM with LPS showed an additional effect in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes. The GST and EROD activities were also evaluated in the gills and liver, respectively, 96 h after intoxication with both doses of DM. The GST activity decreased after DM intoxication in both doses while EROD activity was not significantly different. These results suggest that A. multispinis is a valuable model for ecotoxicological studies. Also, DM can affect the metabolizing system (GST) and immunologic system of A. multispinis, a condition that can be worsened in the presence of inflammation or infection.     

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility and Hematological Responses of Horses Administered Ascorbic Acid and Exposed to Road Transportation

The experiment was performed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on some hematological parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) in horses transported by road. A total of 14 horses, consisting of seven experimental and seven control horses, were used for the experiment. Before the transportation, blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture from all the horses. Experimental horses were administered with AA (200 mg/kg dissolved in 20 mL of distilled water per os), whereas the control horses were given 20 mL of distilled water per os. Thereafter, the animals were transported for 6 hours and blood samples collected after transportation. Packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration were higher (P < .05) in experimental than the control group, whereas total leukocytes reduced significantly (P < .05) in experimental in comparison with the control horses. Lymphocyte, neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and total protein decreased in experimental horses in comparison with control, but they were not significant (P > .05). Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was lower in experimental than the control at 0.3% NaCl concentration (P < .05). The result of the present study revealed that AA ameliorated changes in hematological parameters and EOF induced by road transport stress, partly because of its antioxidant properties.     

Blood Response to Mercury Exposure in Athletic Horse From Messina,Italy

Mercury (Hg) exists in various chemical forms, and it is different to health effects. The most toxic effects occur in the central nervous system during fetal development with irreversible alterations of the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and, it is essential to monitor the tissue residues of Hg to protect the animal’s health. The present investigation was carried out during May 2019 in 20 horses located in equine sport center near the area of Milazzo, Messina, that is a part of Sicilian territory heavily polluted by many toxic substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Hg in blood, serum, food, and water administered to horses and from the hematological profile as a biomarker of blood in relation to the bioaccumulation of Hg. The hematologic parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelets) were processed with an automated hematology analyzer, and Hg concentrations were determined by DMA-80. To carry out the variation in the Hg levels in serum and blood, the data were subjected to paired t-test analysis; post-hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey’s test. The differences were considered statistically significant when P < .05. Paired t-test showed that in blood samples, Hg concentrations were significantly higher than the serum, and blood samples were positively correlated with serum (r = 0.99; P < .0001). The Hg contents determined in blood, serum, hay, and water samples were below the respective benchmarks, and therefore, we can exclude any toxicological risk for athletic horse.     

Occurrence of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic dogs from urban and rural areas of the Valdivia Province,southern Chile

This is the first study to investigate the occurrence, risk factors and hematological findings of hemoplasmas in dogs from Chile. Complete blood count and 16S rRNA conventional PCR for Mycoplasma spp. were performed in 278 blood samples from rural (n = 139) and urban (n = 139) dogs in Valdivia. Real time 16S rRNA PCR (qPCR) allowed species identification. Mycoplasma spp. occurrence was 24.8%. ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’ (CMhp) was identified in 12.2% and Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) in 11.9% dogs. It was not possible to identify species in two Mycoplasma spp. samples by qPCR. Sequencing allowed identifying one of them as ‘Candidatus M. turicensis’ (CMt). Frequency in rural localities was higher (41.7%) than in urban (7.9%). Rural locality, maleness and older age were risk factors for hemoplasmosis. Hemoplasma-positive dogs had a higher total protein. This is the first report of Mhc, CMhp and CMt in dogs from Chile, with a high occurrence in rural localities.     

Acute toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide diazinon and its effects on behavior and some hematological parameters of fingerling European catfish (Silurus glanis L.)

Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields surrounding freshwater reservoirs. So this study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of this organophosphorous pesticide, contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a pollutant, and its effects on behavior, and some hematological parameters of fingerling European catfish, Silurus glanis. Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg L⁻¹. The water temperature in the experimental units was kept at 16 ± 1 °C. The number of dead fishes significantly increased in response to diazinon concentrations 2-64 mg L⁻¹ (p < 0.05). With increasing diazinon concentrations, the fishes exposed duration 1 to 96 h significantly increased the number of dead fishes (p < 0.05 for each cases). The 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h LC₅₀ values (with 95% confidence limits) of diazinon for fingerling European catfish were estimated as 14.597 (12.985-16.340), 12.487 (11.079-14.471), 8.932 (7.907-10.348), 6.326 (no data because of p > 0.05), and 4.142 (no data because of p > 0.05) mg L⁻¹, respectively. Compared to the control specimens, fish after an acute exposure to diazinon was significantly lower erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values (p < 0.05). In addition, it was also showed a significantly negative correlation between these hematological parameters and exposure times of diazinon (p < 0.01).     

Palm oil: Biochemical,physiological, nutritional,hematological and toxicological aspects: A review

The link between dietary fats and cardiovascular diseases has necessitateda growing research interest in palm oil, the second largest consumedvegetable oil in the world. Palm oil, obtained from a tropical plant, Elaeis guineensis contains 50% saturated fatty acids, yet it does notpromote atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. The saturated fatty acidto unsaturated fatty acid ratio of palm oil is close to unity and it containsa high amount of the antioxidants, -carotene, and vitamin E. Although palm oil-based diets induce a higher blood cholesterol level thando corn, soybean, safflower seed, and sunflower oils, the consumption ofpalm oil causes the endogenous cholesterol level to drop. Thisphenomenon seems to arise from the presence of the tocotrienols and thepeculiar isomeric position of its fatty acids.The benefits of palm oil to health include reduction in risk of arterialthrombosis and atherosclerosis, inhibition of endogenous cholesterolbiosynthesis, platelet aggregation, and reduction in blood pressure. Palm oilhas been used in the fresh state and/or at various levels of oxidation.Oxidation is a result of processing the oil for various culinary purposes.However, a considerable amount of the commonly used palm oil is in theoxidized state, which poses potential dangers to the biochemical andphysiological functions of the body. Unlike fresh palm oil, oxidized palm oilinduces an adverse lipid profile, reproductive toxicity and toxicity of thekidney, lung, liver, and heart. This may be as a result of the generation oftoxicants brought on by oxidation. In contrast to oxidized palm oil, red orrefined palm oil at moderate levels in the diet of experimental animalspromotes efficient utilization of nutrients, favorable body weight gains,induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, adequatehemoglobinization of red cells and improvement of immune function. However, high palm oil levels in the diet induce toxicity to the liver asshown by loss of cellular radial architecture and cell size reductions whichare corroborated by alanine transaminase to aspartate transaminase ratioswhich are higher than unity.The consumption of moderate amounts of palm oil and reduction in thelevel of oxidation may reduce the health risk believed to be associated withthe consumption of palm oil. Red palm oil, by virtue of its-carotene content, may protect against vitamin A deficiency andcertain forms of cancer.     

Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+

This study was carried out to understand the preventive effect of selenium (Se⁴⁺) on heavy metal stress induced by lead and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Variation in glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, spleen, heart, and brain tissues of rainbow trout after 72 h of exposure to Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were investigated in the presence and absence of Se⁴⁺. In the presence of Se⁴⁺, Se-GSH-Px activity and SOD activity were found to be higher and MDA levels were lower compared with in its absence. Hematological parameters were also determined and it has been observed that total leukocyte count (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were increased and erythrocyte number (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit value (Hct; P < 0.05) were decreased in fish exposed to heavy metals in the absence of selenium. Selenium presence recovered hematological parameters to normal levels. In the light of our findings, it could be stated that Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ lead to dramatic changes in biochemical and hematological parameters and selenium caused these parameters to converge to control levels when it was administered concurrently with these heavy metals.     

温度对鲫血液生化指标和消化酶的影响

采用室内模拟方法,研究了鲫(Carassius auratus)在9℃、16℃、25℃、30℃温度条件下的血液学指标和消化酶活力的变化。结果显示,鲫血清无机成分中的镁、磷在16℃时存在最大值,而其它成分变化不显著。在9～25℃水温范围内,甘油三脂、总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等均随水温上升而上升,并在25℃时达到最大值,而超过25℃后,甘油三脂、总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等含量均随水温升高而下降。在9～30℃水温范围内,血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性随水温上升先升高、后下降,在25℃时达到最大值。鲫肠道中,蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在9～25℃阶段升高,25～30℃时下降,蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性均在25℃时最高;而肝胰脏中蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随温度变化不明显。