An improved ferritin assay for canine sera

An improved serum ferritin assay for canine serum has been developed. It uses two monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich arrangement. Serum ferritin can be determined on undiluted canine sera with this assay. The recovery of ferritin added to canine serum ranged from 98 to 106%, the within-assay coefficient of variability was 3.3 to 4.5%, and the assay-to-assay variability was 9.8 to 10.2%. Serum ferritin from 61 apparently healthy dogs had a geometric mean of 252 ng/ml, with a range of 80 ng/ml to 800 ng/ml.     

奶牛MTT比色法的最佳条件探讨

为建立奶牛淋巴细胞增殖反应MTT比色法,对试验条件进行了研究。应用L16(45)正交试验,对影响MTT比色法的四个主要因素,包括ConA浓度、细胞浓度、培养液小牛血清浓度及培养时间进行了比较和探索。试验表明几个因素对其增殖反应都有显著影响(P<0.05),且最佳反应条件为:15μg/mL的ConA、1×106/mL细胞浓度、10%小牛血清及60h的培养时间;影响增殖反应的先后顺序为细胞浓度、ConA浓度、培养时间及血清浓度。     

Effect of Heat‐treatment on Accuracy of Infrared Spectroscopy and Digital and Optical Brix Refractometers for Measuring Immunoglobulin G Concentration in Bovine Colostrum

Background

Heat‐treatment of colostrum is a method developed to reduce calf exposure to pathogens. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Brix refractometers can be used for measuring colostral IgG concentration and assessing colostrum quality.

Objectives

To determine the impact of heat‐treatment on accuracy of IR spectroscopy and Brix refractometers for measuring colostral IgG concentration and assessing colostrum quality before and after heat‐treatment.

Animals

A total of 60 Holstein dairy cows on 8 commercial dairy farms.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was designed to determine the effect of heat‐treatment at 60°C and 63°C each for 30 and 60 minutes duration on colostral IgG concentration measured by the reference radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, IR spectroscopy, and digital and optical refractometers.

Results

Colostrum IgG concentration significantly decreased after heat‐treatment at 63°C for 30 or 60 minutes as measured by RID, but the IgG values remained unchanged when measured by IR spectroscopy and refractometers. The lowest correlation coefficient found between IR spectroscopy (r = 0.70) and RID results was in colostrum heat‐treated at 63°C for 60 minutes. For digital (r = 0.48) and optical (r = 0.50) refractometers, the lowest correlation coefficient was at 63°C for 30 minutes when compared to RID. The accuracy of the IR spectroscopy, digital and optical Brix refractometers was decreased from 91.7 to 80%, 81.7 to 45%, and 80 to 45%, respectively, when colostrum heat‐treated at 63°C for 60 minutes.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Radial immunodiffusion, IR spectroscopy, and Brix refractometers exhibit utility for measuring IgG concentration when colostrum heat‐treated at 60°C but does not detect decrease IgG concentrations when heat‐treated at 63°C.     

三唑磷酶联免疫吸附测定法中包被抗体稳定剂的研究

选择了甘油、山梨醇、聚乙二醇(PEG)、卵清蛋白(OVA)、多肽、糖、氨基酸等试剂,通过经验法和正交法相结合的手段配制了一系列稳定剂,对吸附在酶标板上的三唑磷多克隆抗体进行处理(37℃,1 h)后,再在37℃下连续贮存 7 d,利用直接竞争ELISA法对不同稳定剂处理的包被抗体免疫活性、亲合性及检测灵敏度进行检测,并与未经稳定剂处理的对照进行比较,筛选得到效果较好的稳定剂 1 (质量分数:甘油2.5%,氨基酸1.5%,蛋白胨3.0%,离子螯合剂0.1%,防腐剂0.01%)。用稳定剂 1 处理包被抗体后,4~6℃下保存半年及37℃下保存14 d的试验结果表明,抗体的活性相对保持率分别为97.8%和94.2%;其免疫活性、亲合性(I50分别为68.43和54.38 ng/mL)及灵敏度(I10分别为3.72和 3.22 ng/mL)与常规方法包被的抗体(包被好后不贮存,直接检测,I50为60.73 ng/mL,I10为 3.11 ng/mL)无明显差异;冻融试验表明,经稳定剂 1 处理的三唑磷抗体在反复冻-融次数不超过8次时其活性也是稳定的。说明筛选出的稳定剂可以显著提高三唑磷多克隆包被抗体的稳定性,可用于三唑磷ELISA试剂盒的生产。     

灰飞虱体内水稻条纹病毒的检测

为评价灰飞虱体内水稻条纹病毒检测方法的适用范围,利用已经制备的水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)的多克隆抗体SV21和单克隆抗体3B9,采用多孔板间接ELISA、DIBA和Western blotting等三种方法进行单头灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus Fallén(SBPH)体内RSV检测。结果表明,检测灵敏度以多孔板间接ELISA最高,其次为DIBA,Western blotting最低;用单克隆抗体3B9检测灵敏度高于多克隆抗体SV21。RT-PCR、IC-RT-PCR和DB-RT-PCR三种方法中,RT-PCR对单头灰飞虱稀释到400倍可检测到病毒;IC-RT-PCR在多克隆抗体SV21稀释浓度大于500倍时检测不出RSV,单克隆抗体3B9稀释浓度大于800倍时检测不到RSV;DB-RT-PCR检测结果显示,单头灰飞虱在稀释400倍后均无阳性反应。     

应用TaqMan-MGB探针进行松材线虫的实时荧光定量检测技术研究

 松材线虫是国际公认的最重要的检疫性有害生物之一,也是我国2类检疫危险性有害生物,我国口岸多次从货物的木质包装中截获该线虫。由于松材线虫与拟松材线虫在形态上极其相似,难以区分,幼虫更无法用于鉴定。传统的形态学鉴定、生化以及其他分子技术等方法存在费时、准确度不高、灵敏度低等缺点,不易形成标准。我们设计筛选一对引物以及一条MGB探针,对松材线虫进行实时荧光PCR检测。建立了一条从1 pg到10⁴pg标准曲线,相关系数r=0.965。该检测方法省时、准确、快速、无污染。     

柑橘转基因胚性愈伤组织的筛选与再生

转化子的高效筛选与再生是获得转基因植株的关键。为快速有效地筛选出转化子,并尽可能在较短时间内获得纯合的转基因植株,开展了柑橘胚性愈伤组织的转化研究。以椪柑、冰糖橙、默科特橘橙等胚性愈伤组织为外植体,采用根癌农杆菌介导法进行转化试验,根据愈伤组织再生过程中不同发育阶段的组织对抗生素的敏感程度及在不同筛选压下抗性组织的生长情况,提出了＂5步筛选再生法＂,获得了大量的再生细胞系,并经GUS检测证实为转化子。     

菲、芘对蚕豆的氧化胁迫和DNA损伤

以菲和芘为多环芳烃(PAHs)的代表物,以超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量为指标,研究了菲、芘对蚕豆的氧化胁迫;利用彗星实验分析了菲、芘对蚕豆DNA的损伤效应;将蚕豆幼苗根经抗氧化剂维生素E预处理后,暴露于菲、芘污染,研究了DNA损伤与氧化胁迫间的关系。结果表明,供试条件下菲、芘污染导致蚕豆幼苗SOD、POD、CAT活性提高和MDA含量上升,且MDA含量与菲、芘浓度均显著正相关;蚕豆根尖细胞DNA损伤随菲、芘暴露浓度的升高而增大,0~50 mg·kg-1菲污染条件下彗星图像尾矩(TM)值从46.41μm(阴性对照)增加到122.04μm(50 mg·kg-1菲污染处理),增大了162.96%。50mg·kg-1芘暴露下TM值从阴性对照的44.30μm增至110.36μm,增大了149.21%。经抗氧化剂维生素E预处理,蚕豆的DNA损伤程度减小。综上可知,菲、芘对蚕豆产生氧化胁迫并造成根尖细胞DNA损伤,菲、芘诱导的DNA损伤与氧化胁迫有关。     

用于水生病原菌的3种高通量活菌计数方法的比较

以一株副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)作为研究对象,比较了MTT [3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐]比色法、ATP生物发光法和高通量生长曲线法在活细菌高通量计数上的应用效果。用96孔培养板进行不同浓度细菌活菌计数,确定了上述3种方法在副溶血弧菌活菌计数的标准曲线和线性范围。结果显示,副溶血弧菌的MTT比色法以DMSO溶解的MTT产物甲瓒在555 nm的吸光度(OD555 nm)为计数依据,活菌数的对数(LgC)与LgOD555 nm线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=(1.0439±0.0200)LgOD555 nm+(8.0565±0.0125),相关系数R²=0.9965,线性检测范围为7.8×106~2.5×108 CFU/ml;ATP生物发光法以ATP产生的相对发光度值(RLU)为计数依据,LgC与LgRUL线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=(0.9590±0.0065)LgRLU+(0.9949±0.0366),相关系数R²=0.9994,线性检测范围为1.0×104~3.0×108 CFU/ml;高通量生长曲线法以生长曲线达到拐点的时间(Ts)为计数依据,LgC与Ts线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=?(0.8727±0.0230)Ts+(9.0128±0.1572),相关系数R²=0.9924,线性检测范围为1.0×100~1.0×107 CFU/ml。用3种方法对实际菌液测量并与平板计数法比较表明,ATP生物发光法与高通量生长曲线法有很好的准确性,MTT比色法准确度稍差,而高通量生长曲线法有最宽的线性范围,也最适合高通量测定。