麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨,比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟莱风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果,0．3％浓度过氧化氢杀菌10min为其最佳杀菌工艺,经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求,感官品质令人满意;醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明,2．5％浓度醋酸杀菌40min,可以达到理想的效果;紫外线杀菌20min,杀菌效果较明显,相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨，比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟菜风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果，0.3%浓度过氧化氢杀菌10 min为其最佳杀菌工艺，经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求，感官品质令人满意；醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明，2.5%浓度醋酸杀菌40 min，可以达到理想的效果；紫外线杀菌20 min，杀菌效果较明显，相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

Entry Inhibition of Influenza Viruses with High Mannose Binding Lectin ESA-2 from the Red Alga Eucheuma serra through the Recognition of Viral Hemagglutinin

Lectin sensitivity of the recent pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1-2009) was screened for 12 lectins with various carbohydrate specificity by a neutral red dye uptake assay with MDCK cells. Among them, a high mannose (HM)-binding anti-HIV lectin, ESA-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra, showed the highest inhibition against infection with an EC₅₀ of 12.4 nM. Moreover, ESA-2 exhibited a wide range of antiviral spectrum against various influenza strains with EC₅₀s of pico molar to low nanomolar levels. Besides ESA-2, HM-binding plant lectin ConA, fucose-binding lectins such as fungal AOL from Aspergillus oryzae and AAL from Aleuria aurantia were active against H1N1-2009, but the potency of inhibition was of less magnitude compared with ESA-2. Direct interaction between ESA-2 and a viral envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), was demonstrated by ELISA assay. This interaction was effectively suppressed by glycoproteins bearing HM-glycans, indicating that ESA-2 binds to the HA of influenza virus through HM-glycans. Upon treatment with ESA-2, no viral antigens were detected in the host cells, indicating that ESA-2 inhibited the initial steps of virus entry into the cells. ESA-2 would thus be useful as a novel microbicide to prevent penetration of viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses to the host cells.     

海南野生与养殖琼枝麒麟菜形态和成分对比

对海南野生和养殖2种不同来源的麒麟菜进行了形态和成分对比。结果表明,野生麒麟菜藻体大、分枝数多且长,2种麒麟菜主要成分为碳水化合物,由膳食纤维和可溶性糖组成,野生麒麟菜可溶性糖含量高于养殖麒麟菜,而养殖麒麟菜膳食纤维含量和卡拉胶得率则较高。2种麒麟菜成分组成各有优劣,应根据麒麟菜的实际用途来选择最佳原料。     

A Correlation of Rapid Cardy Meter Sap Test and ICP Spectrometry of Dry Tissue for Measuring Potassium (K+) Concentrations in Pak Choi (Brassica Rapa Chinensis Group)

Nutritional status of vegetable crops is often monitored by analysis of dried plant tissues, which is costly and often time consuming. Two greenhouse trials were conducted, at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Magoon facilities, to evaluate the portable cardy ion meter (CIM) in determining potassium (K⁺) status in fresh petiole sap of pak choi as compared with standard laboratory methods. In the first greenhouse trial, three algae species (Gracilaria salicornia, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Eucheuma denticulatum) were used to apply five rates of K⁺ (0, 84, 168,252, and 336 kg.ha^?1). The pak choi was directly seeded into 4 L pots and was grown in peat moss. In the second greenhouse trial, K+ was provided through Eucheuma denticulatum and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) at five rates (0,112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg.ha^?1) in peat moss and soil media. At harvest, K⁺ concentrations in fresh petiole sap were analyzed immediately with CIM and the dried samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) measurement. The results showed increase in leaf K+ content at higher rates and the maximum concentration of leaf K⁺ at 4500–5300 mg/L for sap and 8–9% for tissue was obtained when K⁺ was provided between 224 and 284 kg.ha^?1. There was a close correlation between the CIM readings and the ICP method (r = 0.8048 and 0.8314) from the first and second GH results, respectively. The results suggest that the CIM could be used for the rapid monitoring of the relative K⁺ status of plants. The data further suggested 4500–5000 mg K/L for fresh petiole sap and 7.5% K⁺ in tissue as critical levels for K⁺ concentration in pak choi.     

麒麟菜中溴酚化合物的提取和降血糖活性

[目的]从麒麟菜中提取溴酚化合物。[方法]以海洋红藻类麒麟菜为原料,采用50%甲醇、50%乙醇、50%丙酮超声提取和95%乙醇、60%乙醇和50%乙醇浸提的方法,最后评价提取物和分离后组分的体外降血糖活性。[结果]50%乙醇浸提的效率最高,且提取物的降血糖活性高达73%,且氯仿∶甲醇=100∶0组分活性最高,达70%。[结论]为进一步开发海南经济藻类及新的降血糖药物提供了依据。     

Preventive Effect of Depolymerized Sulfated Galactans from Eucheuma serra on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Caused Diarrhea via Modulating Intestinal Flora in Mice

In this work, the preventive effect of depolymerized sulfated polysaccharides from Eucheuma serra (DESP) on bacterial diarrhea by regulating intestinal flora was investigated in vivo. Based on the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected mouse diarrhea model, DESP at doses ranging from 50 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg alleviated weight loss and decreased the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index. Serological tests showed that the levels of inflammation-related factors were effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the repaired intestinal mucosa was verified by morphology and pathological tissue section observations. Compared with the model group, the richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the DESP group increased according to the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota. Specifically, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, and Proteobacteria decreased after DESP administration. At the family level, DESP effectively improved the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, while significantly inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, the antimicrobial diarrhea function of DESP may be related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota.     

麒麟菜膳食纤维对有益金属钙、锌、铁吸附作用的影响

采用麒麟菜（Eucheuma sp．）可溶性膳食纤维（Soluble dietary fiber,SDF）、不溶性膳食纤维（Insoluble dietary fiber,IDF）和总膳食纤维（Total dietary fiber,TDF）为研究对象,分别通过体外模拟哺乳类动物胃和小肠生理pH环境条件和体内吸附实验,研究麒麟菜膳食纤维对有益金属钙、铁、锌吸附作用的影响。体内吸附实验以SD大鼠为实验动物,以混饲法给大鼠喂食膳食纤维饲料（含膳食纤维10％）,实验期为5周。结果表明：（1）在体外模拟实验中,麒麟菜膳食纤维对有益金属离子Ca^2＋、Fe^2＋、Fe^3＋、Zn^3＋的吸附效果与pH、膳食纤维的可溶性和金属离子种类有关。在小肠环境中的吸附能力大于胃环境;IDF吸附能力最强,其次为TDF,SDF吸附能力最弱;各膳食纤维对Ca^2＋吸附作用最强,其次是Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋,最弱是Zn^2＋。（2）在动物体内实验中,各麒麟菜膳食纤维饲喂组动物的血清钙、血清锌和血清铁的含量随饲养时间略有增长,但与正常对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。因此认为,麒麟菜可溶性膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维和总膳食纤维对有益金属离子Ca^2＋、Fe^2＋、Fe^3＋和Zn^2＋具有不同程度的体外吸附作用,但对动物体内的钙、锌、铁元素的正常生理水平无显著影响。[中国水产科学,2008,15（2）：323-329]     

异枝麒麟菜酶法降解工艺的优化研究

以施氏假单胞菌分泌的卡拉胶酶为工具,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对异枝麒麟菜的酶法降解工艺进行了研究,探讨pH、温度和卡拉胶酶添加量对还原糖生成量的影响。pH、温度和卡拉胶酶添加量与还原糖生成量的数学回归模型为:Y=0.3310 0.0107Z1-0.0848Z2 0.0451Z3-0.0012Z31-0.0055Z32 0.0186Z21-0.0940Z21-0.0635Z22-0.0125Z23;最佳的酶解参数为:pH 6.27,温度39.6℃,加酶量74.4 U,底物质量浓度为0.7595 g/L(总糖含量),酶解8 h。     

琼枝多糖凝胶的结构和性质

本文研究琼枝多糖凝胶的结构和性质。大多数碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和含二个氨基以上的化合物能够改良这种带负电荷的多糖凝胶的性能。从扫描电子显微镜研究各种凝胶的结果看出,琼枝多糖象绞合的纤维束同方向地聚集;琼枝多糖-KCl凝胶象疏松绞合着的纤维束同方向聚集;琼枝多糖-乙二胺凝胶象多锁链同方向聚集;琼枝多糖-明胶凝胶却象海绵一样网状聚集。根据试验结果,作者对琼枝多糖形成凝胶的机理进行了推断。