杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究

目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山…     

Growth performance, energy, and nitrogen balance of weanling pigs fed a cereal-based diet supplemented with Chinese rhubarb

Forty Swiss Large White piglets of 4 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of dietary Chinese rhubarb on growth performance, as well as on energy and nitrogen metabolism by means of indirect respiration calorimetry studies. A cereal-based diet, supplemented with four different dosages of Chinese rhubarb (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%), was offered ad libitum to the piglets. Gaseous exchange was measured, and urine, faeces, and blood samples were taken. The addition of 0.25% dietary rhubarb increased feed intake (+32%) and daily weight gain (+67%) compared to the diet containing the greatest amount of rhubarb (1%). The piglets fed diet supplemented with 0.25% rhubarb digested and metabolised more energy and nitrogen relative to the animals of treatment 1%. As a consequence, the same group (0.25%) converted more energy and nitrogen into body protein than piglets receiving diet supplemented with 1% rhubarb. However, compared to the control group, the addition of 0.25% rhubarb to the diet resulted in not significantly alter growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of the animals.Blood parameters were not affected by the rhubarb supplementation. The dose-responding effect of Chinese rhubarb was reflected by the dry matter content of faecal samples. According to the laxative effect of higher doses of rhubarb, the addition of 1% rhubarb to the diet reduced dry matter content of faeces. This effect was well visible in practice, although not relevant in statistical terms. The addition of 0.5% dietary rhubarb had no relevant effect on growth performance or on energy and nitrogen metabolism of treated animals.     

江西发展能源作物木薯的可行性及前景分析

从江西的气候条件、边际土地资源、种植效益和以木薯淀粉为原料开发生物燃料乙醇等方面,分析了江西发展能源作物木薯的可行性及发展前景。并提出了江西加快发展木薯生产的建议。     

升温与聚苯乙烯微塑料复合暴露对长牡蛎血细胞功能、免疫基因表达和能量代谢的影响

为阐明全球气候变暖和微塑料复合胁迫对长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)免疫应答、氧化应激和能量代谢的影响,本研究采用3个微塑料(microplastics, MPs)水平[无微塑料、小粒径聚苯乙烯微塑料(SPS-MPs,6μm)和大粒径聚苯乙烯微塑料(LPS-MPs,50～60μm)]和2个温度水平(20℃和25℃)对长牡蛎进行了为期21 d的单一和复合暴露,检测分析了各组长牡蛎血细胞功能[吞噬活性、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量]、糖原含量以及免疫相关基因表达的变化。研究结果表明,SPS-MPs暴露能增加长牡蛎血淋巴细胞中ROS含量,降低血细胞吞噬活性,揭示SPS-MPs毒性作用更强。升温与微塑料的协同作用增加了长牡蛎消化腺组织中的糖原含量。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,升温与SPS-MPs复合暴露组长牡蛎消化腺组织通过上调热休克蛋白90 (heat shock protein90, HSP90)、核因子κB抑制蛋白(inhibitor of NF-κB, IκB)和p53基因表达量进行免疫应答;升温与微塑料的拮抗作用增加了鳃组织p53基...     

基于无线传感器网络的农田信息管理系统的研究

为满足农产品优质高产的需求,提出了基于无线传感器网络的农田信息管理系统,着重分析了该系统的基本功能,建立应用系统体系结构和网络系统体系结构,实现系统的能量控制和安全性设计。该系统能够在实际生产过程中减少人力操作和人工测量的误差,降低农业生产成本,并可以最大程度地实现农业生产的自动化操作,为实现农产品的优质高产提供了一种有效的方法和手段,具有重要的现实意义。     

北京和上海终端能源碳排放量影响因素研究

运用IPCC中碳排放量公式,结合能源消费数据,对北京和上海2005～2012年碳排放终端能源总量进行估计;运用LMDI模型定量分析了经济总量、能源结构、产业结构对碳排放的影响.结果表明,2005～ 2012年经济总量上升是推动北京和上海碳排放量增长的主要因素,能源结构调整是降低碳排放量的主要原因,产业结构调整是影响碳排放量原因之一.通过对能源结构和产业结构进一步分析得出北京和上海两市应通过能源结构调整,增加清洁能源消费比率来减少碳排放,上海市应同时发展第三产业促进产业结构调整降低碳排放的结论.     

Carbon cycling in subarctic tundra; seasonal variation in ecosystem partitioning based on in situ C pulse-labelling

Carbon assimilation and allocation were studied in a tundra ecosystem in northern Scandinavia. Seasonal variation in the below-ground carbon allocation to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coarse-, fine-, and hair roots was investigated using in situ ¹⁴C pulse-labelling, adding 2-3 MBq ¹⁴CO₂ dm⁻² to the above-ground vegetation. Combining the allocation data with regression models of the seasonal carbon flux made it possible to estimate a temporally explicit ecosystem carbon allocation budget.The ecosystem was a net source of CO₂, losing on average 0.97 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to the atmosphere, with little variation through the season. There was, however, significant temporal variation in partitioning of recently assimilated carbon. Allocation to below-ground compartments over 32 days following labelling increased from 18% in June to 55% in September. Above-ground allocation showed the opposite trend. Hair roots and DOC were strong sinks in the autumn. Transport of newly assimilated carbon occurred rapidly throughout the season, ¹⁴C appearing in all sampled pools within 4 h of labelling.The seasonal variation in carbon partitioning observed in this study has implications for the residence time of assimilated carbon in the ecosystem. A relatively greater allocation to rapidly decomposing pools, such as hair roots and DOC, would tend to reduce incorporation into woody tissue, increasing the overall rate of carbon cycling and decreasing ecosystem storage. The results of this study will be of value for building and validating mechanistic models of ecosystem carbon flow in tundra and subarctic ecosystems.     

1-取代-2-氨基苯并咪唑化合物QSAR研究

利用量子化学程序计算了8个1-取代-2-氨基苯并咪唑化合物的结构和量子化学参数(最高充满轨道能量、最低空轨道能量、水化能、极化率、生成热、N1原子静电势、摩尔折射率等),并分别对雌、雄小鼠急性毒性进行了定量结构-活性相关(QSARs)分析。结果表明,正辛醇-水分配系数、最低空轨道能量、极化率、水化能4个参数共同构建的模型准确性最高,解决了化合物苯环取代基预测相差较远的问题,而水化能、极化率在QSAR研究中也比较少见。利用上述模型对雌、雄小鼠急性毒性进行了预测,结果表明该模型能很好地预测化合物对小鼠急性毒性,预测值与试验值误差小。     

东北春玉米连作体系土壤剖面无机氮的变化特征

【目的】研究不同施肥方式对东北春玉米生长及连作体系土壤中氮素含量的影响,为春玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】2005-2006年,在东北中部黑土春玉米连作区进行2年的田间定点试验,研究了一次性施肥（农民习惯施肥1、农民习惯施肥2）和推荐施肥条件下,玉米不同生育阶段地上部生物量和吸氮量及土壤无机氮含量的变化特征,并对土壤氮素表观盈亏进行了估算。【结果】玉米地上部生物量和吸氮量均随施氮量的增加而增大,其中推荐施肥处理的生物量和吸氮量均最高。施氮显著增加了0～90 cm土层中的无机氮含量。2个习惯施肥处理土壤的硝态氮含量受降雨量的影响较大,且下移明显;推荐施肥处理可明显降低硝态氮在土壤中的残留。土壤氮素表观盈亏取决于氮肥用量,2006年农民习惯施肥1处理的土壤氮素表观盈余量最高,且多以残留硝态氮的形式累积在深层土壤中。【结论】在东北黑土春玉米连作区,氮肥一次性基施会导致土壤中的无机氮高残留,增加氮损失,易对该地区的生态环境造成威胁,本试验中的推荐施肥是较好的施肥方式。     

中国对虾幼体的能量代谢

近年来中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis)工厂化育苗技术的进步,已能使海捕亲虾与养殖越冬亲虾在人工控制的条件下产卵,然而虾卵孵化之后能否健壮地生长以及如何提高变态存活率,幼体的饵料起着关键的作用。生物饵料虽然效果好,但受到培养技术及设备等条件的限制,因此,目前育苗生产中的饵料仍以豆浆、蛋黄为主,辅以少量的生物饲料与配合饵料,以致幼体的抗病力差,变态存活率低。所以研究适合于中国对虾幼体营养需求的配合饵料很重要。至今有关日本对虾幼体营养的研究屡见报导,而中国对虾幼体的营养研究还未有报导。对虾营养的研究方法有分析虾体成分、梯度或正交法设计饲料试验以及能量代谢试验等。周洪琪(1990)通过能量代谢研究中国对虾亲虾的营养。Harris(1959)、Conover