乙草胺防除辣椒田杂草的药效试验

50 %乙草胺EC 12 0 0、15 0 0ml/hm2 在辣椒苗移栽前 1d对土壤用药 ,对辣椒安全 ,除草效果在 75 .0 %～ 82 .6 %之间 ;乙草胺对禾本科杂草的防效好于阔叶草     

植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素对柑橘潜叶蛾控制效果的研究

用植物性杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ(KPT乳油)有效成分30、15mg/kg防治柑橘潜叶蛾,采用离体叶片浸叶法处理5s,3d后,幼虫校正虫口减退率分别为89.63%、63.02%;枝梢浸液法处理5s,5d后,潜道伸长度校正抑制率分别为76.12%和41.51%;10d后,对秋梢的相对保叶效果分别为69.34%和52.29%。结果表明,采用KPT乳油有效成分30mg/kg对柑橘潜叶蛾有较好的控制作用,对柑橘秋梢有良好的保护效果。     

1.2%苦·烟乳油防治青海云杉梢斑螟的药效试验

应用1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油混合进行喷烟防治青海云杉梢斑螟幼虫,结果表明1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油的配比在1：9以上,用药量13.3ml hm-2以上进行喷烟防治,梢斑螟的虫口减退率可达85%以上,最高可达90%。     

Mapping soil salinity and pH across an estuarine and alluvial plain using electromagnetic and digital elevation model data

Increasing pressures from agriculture and urbanization have resulted in drainage of many floodplains along the eastern Australian coastline, which are underlain by sulphidic sediments, to lower water tables and reduce soil salinity. This leads to oxidation of the sediments with a rapid decline in pH and an increase in salinity. Accurately mapping soil salinity and pH in coastal acid sulphate soil (CASS) landscapes is therefore important. One required map is the extent of highly acidic (i.e. pH < 4.5) areas, so that the application of alkaline amendments (e.g. lime) to neutralize the acid produced can be specifically targeted to the variation in pH. One approach is to use digital soil mapping (DSM) using ancillary information, such as an EM38, digital elevation models (DEM – elevation) and trend surface parameters (east and north). We used an EM38 in the horizontal (EM38h) and vertical (EM38v) modes together with elevation data to develop multiple linear regressions (MLR) for predicting EC_1:5 and pH. For pH, best results were achieved when the EM38 EC_a data were log‐transformed. By comparing MLR models using REML analysis, we found that using all ancillary data was optimal for mapping EC_1:5, whereas the best predictors for pH were north, log‐EM38v and elevation. Using residual maximum likelihood (REML), the final EC_1:5 and pH maps produced were consistent with previously defined soil landscape units, particularly CASS. The DSM approach used is amenable for mapping saline soils and identifying areas requiring the application of lime to manage acidic soil conditions in CASS landscape.     

Achieving legislation requirements with different nitrogen fertilization strategies: Results from a long term experiment

The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC, Anonymous, 1991) was developed in Europe to limit environmental threats from intensive livestock farming and N fertilizer applications to crops. It imposed several rules on farmers and public bodies, one of which was nutrient fertilization plan adoption. Here we use results from the Tetto Frati (Northern Italy) Long-Term Experiment to verify the terms and coefficients in the official Italian guidelines and evaluate the limitations imposed to organic fertilization amounts. For this purpose, we mined long-term experimental data of crop yield, N uptake, N use efficiency, and soil organic matter content from miscellanea cropping systems fertilized with farmyard manure (FYM) and bovine slurry (SLU), typical of a dairy farm in Northern Italy. N fertilization efficiency indicators (Removal to Fertilizer ratio, Apparent Recovery and Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value) indicated that in the long run, FYM behaved similarly to urea, and better than SLU. Even N supply rates as high as 250 kg N ha⁻¹ were justified by high rates of crop removal. In fact, among the terms of the mass-balance equation, SOM mineralization was found to be most relevant, followed by meadow rotation residual effects. We conclude that a revised Nitrates Directives application scheme could be more relaxed in its application limit of manure-N, but should be more ambitious in setting efficiency coefficients for manure fertilization.     

农业企业的信息化建设过程

我国农业从传统生产模式向现代市场经济竞争环境下的企业化模式进行转换,依靠的是科学管理和管理科学;建设电子化、信息化的管理系统,是农业企业在市场环境下得以生存的有力支撑.为此,论述了农业企业的信息化建设过程.     

6%精喹·嗪酸乳油防除花生田杂草

田间试验结果表明,6%精喹.嗪酸乳油作茎叶处理对马唐、牛筋草、稗草、反枝苋、藜等杂草均有较好的除草效果。推荐应用剂量为有效量45~54 g/hm2(商品量750~900 mL/hm2),药后20 d对杂草的鲜重防效在95%以上。在推荐剂量范围内对花生安全,一次施药即能有效防除花生田全生育期的杂草,除草效果好。     

EC细网格模式2m气温预报产品在崂山地区的验证

选取2015—2019年青岛市崂山区10个气象自动站的日气温数据和EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品,验证EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品最低温度和最高温度在青岛崂山地区的准确率,同时分析崂山地区温度的时间、空间分布特征,对预报产品进行订正,在实际业务中进行推广,提高预报的准确率,做好公众气象服务。结果表明,气温存在年变化差异和季节内差异,同一种温度下,春季和夏季的区域分布比较类似,秋季和冬季的区域分布比较类似;崂山区内EC细网格24 h最低温度预报值偏高,最高温度预报值偏低,最低温度的预报总体准确率比最高温度的预报总体准确率要高,西部地区的预报准确率要高于东部地区的准确率;通过订正后,发现最低温度4个季节的预报准确率都在50%以上,最高温度订正后的准确率,除夏季59%以外,其他各季节均在75%以上。     

Development and evaluation of a fish‐based index to assess biological integrity of Mediterranean streams

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