盐藻运动特性及其影响因素

为了揭示盐藻的运动特性,在不同条件下观察了玻璃U形管两端盐藻的密度变化。结果表明,盐藻运动受光照、ATP、丙二酸钠和粘度的影响。盐藻具有向光源方向聚集的运动特性;供给ATP时盐藻运动加速,加入丙二酸钠时盐藻运动减慢,盐藻的运动是一个消耗能量的过程;增加介质粘稠度会使其运动速度减慢。     

Feeding strategies for striped blenny Meiacanthus grammistes larvae

Rotifers and Artemia salina nauplii are the most widely used live prey for newly hatched larvae, but they do not always promote optimal survival and growth. Alternative food sources such as copepods, which bypass these inadequacies and promote adequate growth, are needed and they are viewed with considerable interest by the scientific community. The aim of the present study was to test two different diets [rotifers and A. salina nauplii (group A) and a mixture (group B) of rotifers/Tisbe spp. copepods and A. salina nauplii/copepods] during the larval rearing of the striped blenny Meiacanthus grammistes. The analysis of the survival rate, size (total length and wet weight) and metamorphosis time during the larval phase of this species showed that Tisbe spp. administration can significantly improve larval survival and growth and also reduce the metamorphosis time. The results obtained are related to the fatty acid content of the live prey used and are essential in order to improve the captive production of M. grammistes through a closed system and, in turn, to preserve natural stocks.     

珊瑚对型轮虫和丰年虫无节幼体的捕食机制初探

为探讨珊瑚对生物活饵料的捕食机制,选取美丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora formosa)和佳丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora pulchra)为实验对象,以轮虫(SS-type Rotifer)和丰年虫(Artemia salina)无节幼体为生物活饵料进行投喂。通过对投喂饵料量、残余量,以及差值进行统计,从而探讨珊瑚的摄食情况及摄食偏好。结果表明:超小型轮虫平均剩余量8.16×104个,P=0.012(P0.05),实验前后轮虫密度有显著差异。丰年虫无节幼体平均剩余量2.3×103个,P=0.01(P0.05),实验前后丰年虫密度有显著性差异。超小型轮虫和丰年虫无节幼体可以是珊瑚的生物活饵料。     

锰对盐藻生长与物质积累的调控作用

试验结果表明,培养液中锰质量浓度过高或过低都不利于盐藻细胞的生长与物质积累。培养基中锰质量浓度为4.0 mg/L时,盐藻细胞生长、蛋白质合成与β-胡萝卜素积累最多。当培养液中锰质量浓度较高(8.0 mg/L)或较低(2.0 mg/L)时,单个盐藻细胞中的蛋白质与β-胡萝卜素含量较高。但此时,因培养液中细胞密度较低,盐藻细胞积累的物质总量仍然较少。在锰质量浓度较高或较低的逆境条件下,盐藻可能通过适应性反应形成了逆境蛋白质与胡萝卜素等。     

杜氏盐藻和亚心型扁藻混合培养生长的初步研究

在实验室条件下研究了杜氏盐藻和亚心型扁藻在单独培养和相同接种比例混合培养下的生长情况。结果显示,单独培养盐藻的生长经历了3个明显的阶段,生长曲线呈现"S"型;单独培养扁藻与混合培养藻在18 d内还未到达稳定期,仍保持一定的生长态势。混合培养、单独培养盐藻以及单独培养扁藻的最大光密度值(OD680)分别为0.784、0.702和0.765。混合培养藻的生物量(0.841 mg/ml)也稍高于单独培养盐藻(0.582 mg/ml)和单独培养扁藻的生物量(0.819 mg/ml)。试验结果表明,混合培养盐藻和扁藻具有一定的促进藻生长和提高生物量产出的潜力。     

杜氏盐藻MAPKK激酶基因DsMAPKKK的克隆、原核表达与纯化

为了进一步研究MAPKK激酶的生理功能,利用RT-PCR技术扩增了DsMAPKKK的开放阅读框序列,并利用T4连接酶与质粒pGS21a连接,构建了原核表达载体pGS21a-DsMAPKKK。将该重组质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导成功表达了融合蛋白。经SDS-PAGE检测,融合蛋白在上清和包涵体中均存在。可溶性蛋白经过GST柱纯化,电泳分析结果表明,在68kD左右有单一的蛋白条带,说明融合蛋白得到有效纯化。蛋白印迹结果显示在68kD左右有明显的杂交条带,初步证明纯化的蛋白就是带有GST标签的MAPKK激酶。DsMAPKKK的成功表达与纯化,为深入探讨DsMAPKK激酶的性质及功能打下了坚实的基础。     

盐度对绿色杜氏藻生长速率、叶绿素含量及细胞周期的影响

在不同盐度梯度下,进行了盐度对绿色杜氏藻Dunaliellaviridis的生长、叶绿素含量和细胞周期影响的试验。结果表明:1)绿色杜氏藻在盐度为10时,生长速率和单位水体叶绿素含量最低,分别为0 121个/d和908 27μg/L;在盐度为60时,生长速率和单位水体叶绿素含量最高,分别为0 381个/d和1192 41μg/L。2)不同盐度下单位细胞叶绿素含量呈现高-低-高的变化趋势,盐度60时,单位细胞叶绿素含量最低,叶绿素a为2 32×10-6μg/个,叶绿素总量为3 31×10-6μg/个。3)盐度为60时,绿色杜氏藻的细胞周期S期最短,为36 9%,G2期为0 8%;盐度80时,绿色杜氏藻的G2期最短,为0 3%,S期为43 6%,即绿色杜氏藻在盐度为60～80时,S期、G2期最短,细胞进入分裂期所用时间最短。本试验结果表明,培养绿色杜氏藻以盐度60～80的水体最为适宜。     

Effects of Iron Deficiency on Thylakoid Membrane Structure and Composition in the Alga Dunaliella salina

Abstract

The unicellular green alga Dunaliella was previously proposed as a model photosynthetic organism for adaptation to iron deficiency. The purpose of this study was to find out how iron limitation affects the structure and composition of the photosynthetic system of Dunaliella salina. Iron deprivation did not retard proliferation of D. salina cells, but was associated with a decrease in cell volume and chlorophyll content, and with a four‐fold reduction in iron content and a two‐fold increase in Cu content. Electron microscopic analysis revealed shrinkage of the chloroplast and decrease in stacked thylakoid membranes. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in the presence of DCMU and of 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra indicated gross changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of reaction centers and in the organization of their associated light harvesting antenna. Differential analysis of protein composition led to the identification of a major thylakoid membrane protein (Tidi), that was specifically induced under iron deprivation. Partial sequencing suggests that Tidi is a novel type of a chlorophyll a/b binding protein. These results clearly show that iron limitation is associated with extensive reorganization of the photosynthetic system in Dunaliella.     

不同投饵密度对卤虫高密度养殖的影响

[目的]探讨一种用卤虫生物量百分比投饵进行卤虫高密度养殖的方法。[方法]用酵母作饵料,按卤虫体重的5%、7.5%、10.0%、12.5%比例投饵进行不换水卤虫高密度（1×104/L）养殖试验,研究不同投饵密度对卤虫高密度养殖透明度和生长发育的影响。[结果]5.0%卤虫生物量饵料密度组卤虫仅存活13 d,7.5%卤虫生物量饵料密度组卤虫仅存活14 d,10.0%卤虫生物量饵料密度以上组卤虫能存活至试验结束（17 d）。各饵料密度组间卤虫存活率随饵料密度增加而逐渐增加（P〈0.01）。卤虫体长随饵料密度的增加而逐渐增加（P〈0.01）。随着饵料密度的增加,卤虫体重逐渐增加。10.0%、12.5%卤虫生物量的投饵量为不换水卤虫高密度养殖可行饵料密度,12.5%卤虫生物量组比10.0%卤虫生物量组效果较好,但最终存活率和饵料系数均比10.0%组差。[结论]该研究为卤虫高密度养殖提供基本技术。     

杀虫双对杜氏盐藻生长和生理生化的影响

以一种具有环境耐性的单细胞绿藻杜氏盐藻Dunaliella salina作为受试生物,检测一种杀虫剂杀虫双的毒性作用,试验中检测了杀虫双对杜氏盐藻细胞生长、单细胞β胡萝卜素质量、细胞形态变化及超氧化物歧化酶(Super-oxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,当杀虫双质量浓度小于0.5 mg.L-1时,细胞的毒性响应与对照的变化趋势类似.当使用1.0～4.0 mg.L-1杀虫双处理盐藻,处理初期细胞生长缓慢和单细胞β胡萝卜素质量降低,一段时间后恢复.当杀虫双质量浓度大于5.0 mg.L-1,细胞生长速度和单细胞β胡萝卜素质量都会一直降低直至检测不到.杀虫双对杜氏盐藻的10 d IC50为32 mg.L-1.试验发现在低浓度下杀虫双会刺激CAT活性的增长.