水体光照强度的变化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响

近年来,我国淡水湖泊富营养化现象日益严重,藻类大量生长导致水体光照强度减弱,水生植物严重衰退。为了解水体光照强度减弱对生活在沿岸带草丛中的浮游甲壳动物分布情况的影响,本研究于2015年5月至2015年11月在水族箱中通过移植苦草并覆盖不同层黑色遮阳布来建立4个光照梯度（L1- L4）,其透光率分别是40.5%、17.1%、7.1%和2.8%,来模拟自然条件下沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落对低光压力的响应,分析了水体理化指标、苦草和浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化。结果表明：（1）从不同的光照处理来看,浮游甲壳动物生物量随光照强度减弱而减少,其平均值分别是1.27 mg/L、0.99 mg/L、0.95 mg/L和0.45 mg/L,丰度和多样性也随光照强度减弱逐渐降低;（2）与其他3个处理组相比,L4组中除了锯缘真剑水蚤相对生物量百分比从5%升高到25%,其他种类都有所下降,其中晶莹仙达溞从50%降至9%;（3）浮游甲壳动物的平均生物量在秋季（1.28 mg/L）大于夏季（0.54 mg/L）,而夏季（83.79 ind./L）平均丰度大于秋季（53.59 ind./L）。统计分析表明浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化与光照强度和苦草生长引起的水体理化的变化显著正相关,主要是溶解氧和pH值。     

Dietary folic acid requirement determined for grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary folic acid requirement of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Purified basal diets were formulated using vitamin-free casein as the protein source. Graded levels (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 mg folic acid/kg diet) of folic acid were added to the basal diet, resulting in eight dietary treatments in the experiment. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of shrimp initially averaging 0.79±0.01 g for 8 weeks. Shrimp fed diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg diet had greater (P<0.05) weight gain and hepatopancreatic folic acid concentrations than shrimp fed the unsupplemented control diet. Feed efficiency (FE) was highest in shrimp fed the diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg diet, followed by the groups fed 1 mg/kg, then the control group. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was highest in shrimp fed the control diet, followed by 1 mg folic acid/kg and lowest in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 2 mg folic acid/kg. Weight gain percentage, hepatopancreatic folic acid concentration and hepatosomatic index of the shrimp analyzed by broken-line regression indicated that the adequate dietary folic acid concentration in growing P. monodon is 1.9–2.1 mg/kg diet.     

甲壳动物CHH家族神经激素结构和功能研究进展

甲壳动物主要利用温度、光照周期等外界因子调节其生理状态 ,使它们的生殖活动处于最适条件下 ,来自外界因子的这些信息作用于甲壳动物的中枢神经系统 ,后者将其传递到神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统 ,神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统能够分泌一些促进因子和抑制因子以实施对性腺活动的调控。由于甲壳动物成体的生殖和蜕皮常常交替出现 ,因此 ,神经内分泌系统和内分泌系统的精确调控非常重要。甲壳动物高血糖激素 (ＣＨＨ)家族神经激素是甲壳动物特有的多肽激素 ,它们主要由眼柄的Ｘ -器官窦腺复合体合成 ,它们包括 :甲壳动物高血糖激素 (ＣＨＨ)、…     

黄、东海底栖性甲壳动物种类组成的季节变化

根据2004年春、夏、秋和冬季在东、黄海底拖网渔业资源监测调查资料,分析了东、黄海甲壳动物种类组成的季节变化。四季共捕获虾类33种、蟹类12种和虾蛄3种。东、黄海的优势种有：大管鞭虾、假长缝拟对虾、鹰爪虾、长角赤虾、凹管鞭虾、脊腹褐虾、东海红虾、高脊管鞭虾、双斑蟳、三疣梭子蟹和口虾蛄,其中,大管鞭虾、假长缝拟对虾和鹰爪虾为调查海域的主要优势种。多样性指数中的丰富度指数（D）与多样度指数（H’）的四季变化趋势一致。在春季,由北到南呈下降趋势;夏、秋两季由北到南呈上升趋势;冬季则处于东海北部较高、黄海南部和东海中部较低的趋势。均匀度指数（J’）在3个区域各个季节之间相差不大。相似性指数结果表明,东海中部的群落相对稳定,而东海北部具有黄海南部和东海中部的群落特征。     

An evaluation of the nutritional value of alternative lipid sources to juvenile southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii

Experimental lobster feeds are currently based on fish meal and fish oil formulations, and although survival and growth similar to that of lobsters fed fresh blue mussels has been achieved, varying the protein level in previous experimental feeds has not increased growth beyond that of lobsters fed natural food. This experiment assessed the growth performance of lobsters fed pelleted feeds containing constant amounts of protein, lipid and energy where the lipid was provided by a range of oil-rich ingredients (fish oil, FO; fish oil with added soybean lecithin, FOL; canola oil, CO; tuna oil, TO; mussel meal, MM; and squid meal, SQM). Feed performance was assessed by lobster growth rate, survival, final biochemical composition, nutrient retention and nutrient efficiency. Twenty tanks containing 15 post-larval lobsters each (1.5 ± 0.04 g) were randomly allocated one of six test feeds in triplicate, and the two remaining tanks were fed freshly opened blue mussels (FRM) as a reference feed. Lobsters were fed daily to excess for 10 weeks. Final individual weights of whole body and digestive gland were measured, and tissue chemical composition analysed. There were no significant differences in survival (88.4 ± 3.3%), or specific growth rate (1.3 ± 0.1%.day^− 1) among the formulated feed fed lobsters, which were significantly lower than the survival (100 ± 0.0%) and SGR (2.2 ± 0.1%.day^− 1) of FRM fed lobsters. The SQM fed lobsters had a significantly lower lipid efficiency ratio and lipid productivity value than lobsters fed TO, FOL and MM feeds. The digestive gland lipid content (g.100 g wet tissue^− 1) of lobsters fed the feeds TO (3.7 ± 0.4), FO (3.5 ± 0.3) and SQM (2.2 ± 0.2) were significantly lower than lobsters fed feeds MM (9.9 ± 1.1), FOL (9.0 ± 2.3) and FRM fed lobsters contained most digestive gland lipid (12.3 ± 1.5).     

甲壳动物免疫系统概述及其图论表示

全面梳理了当前甲壳动物免疫系统研究中所涉及到的各种酶、免疫因子和调节因子,并按照它们之间各自的影响、作用关系,分别以不同的符号予以表达,绘制出了甲壳动物免疫系统的整体作用图。     

三峡库区26条支流浮游甲壳动物的群落结构

为了对三峡库区26条主要河流及长江干流浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行调查,2010年4月至2011年6月分四次对三峡库区主要河流进行浮游甲壳类进行定量和定性采集标本。152个采样点四次采样共鉴定出浮游甲壳动物50种,其中枝角类36种,桡足类14种。浮游甲壳类主要是以常见的广温性种类为主,四次调查中发现的种类均为长江流域常见种。三峡库区浮游甲壳类动物具有明显的季节性变化特征,四月份（春夏季）的存量和种类明显高于十月份（秋冬季）;也具有明显的纵向分布特征,相同支流上游的存量和种类一般低于回水区的数值。     

Wheat Straw Biochar Increases Potassium Concentration,Root Density,and Yield of Faba Bean in a Sandy Loam Soil

ABSTRACT

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of different irrigation levels (100%, 75%, and 50% of water requirement) and wheat straw biochar levels (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5% w/w) on faba bean yield, water productivity, root length density, and different ions concentration in soil solution, using a factorial arrangement in complete randomized design with three replications. Results showed that application of high level of biochar (5% w/w) destroyed the plants before they reached maturity. The maximum yield was obtained in 1.25% w/w biochar under full irrigation, while the maximum water productivity was obtained in 2.5% w/w biochar and 50% of water requirement. Further, the root length density in soil top layer (0–8 cm) was significantly more than those in 8–16 cm, due to holding more water content in top layer and no drainage from the pots. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions’ concentrations in soil solution were significantly increased by increasing biochar levels; however, the rate of increase in potassium was higher than other ions due to high potassium concentration in biochar in comparison with the soil. In conclusion, application of biochar in the level of 1.25% w/w is suggested as a suitable agent to decrease water consumption and improving the crop performance.     

甲壳动物雄性腺研究的进展

雄性腺（ａｎｄｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｇｌａｎｄ）又名促雄性腺,是甲壳动物的一种内分泌器官,只存在于雄性体内,它所分泌的物质称为雄性腺激素（ａｎｄｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ）。四十多年来,对于甲壳动物雄性腺的位置和形态、发生和发育、结构和功能以及雄性腺激素的...     

沙颍河阜阳段浮游甲壳动物的群落结构与季节变化

从2011年4月至2012年1月,分季节在3个采样点对沙颍河阜阳段的浮游甲壳动物进行了调查。结果表明,沙颍河阜阳段共记录浮游甲壳动物20种,其中枝角类11种,桡足类9种;枝角类中各季节均为优势种的有蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)和大型溞(D.magna);桡足类中各季节均为优势种的有近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti);浮游甲壳动物密度在春季(4月)最高,冬季(1月)最低。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在1.30~2.13,初步评价表明沙颍河阜阳段水质处于轻度-中度污染状态。