不同气候条件对早期断奶犊牛生长发育的影响

本试验研究了不同气候条件对早期断奶犊牛生长发育的影响。结果表明，不同气候对犊牛的生长发育有一定的影响，但犊牛开食料等饲养管理达到犊牛所需的标准，不会影响犊牛的生长发育指标，３个月龄时体重均能达ＮＲＣ饲养标准。在整个试验期呼市地区早期断奶犊牛平均增重为６４．０５ｋｇ，日增重为７０３．８５ｇ，而锡盟东乌旗犊牛平均增重为５７．５０ｋｇ，日增重为６３１．８７ｇ。体高、体长、胸围、十字部高等体尺指标呼市地区犊牛均高于锡盟东乌旗犊牛，而腹围呼市地区略低于锡盟东乌旗犊牛。干物质的进食量，气候条件差的地区有高于相对暖和地区犊牛的趋势。     

犊牛代用乳中蛋白质原料应用研究进展

代用乳是犊牛主要的液体饲料来源之一,与全乳和乳副产品相比不仅降低了犊牛生产成本,而且更适合犊牛饲养设备的操作和使用.在以代用乳为主要饲料来源培育犊牛过程中,代用乳中蛋白质的营养作用是决定饲养效果和经济性的关键性因素.本文对代用乳常用蛋白质的原料特性等方面做了简要综述.     

安昭牛和昭通牛育肥效果比较研究

为比较安格斯牛和昭通牛的杂交效果,进行了安昭牛F1代和昭通牛的短期育肥研究.结果表明:安昭牛和昭通牛平均日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积分别为1.179 kg、53.72%、45.11%、86.35 cm2和0.849 kg、48.83%、39.84%、55.65 cm2,安昭牛均极显著高于昭通牛(P＜0.01),胴体脂肪覆盖率分别为82.98%和69.98%,安昭牛优于昭通牛(P＜0.05);而安昭牛肉蛋白质含量20.6%,极显著低于昭通牛的23.65%(P＜0.01),脂肪含量26.3%显著高于昭通牛的7.85%(P＜0.05),总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量分别为86.43 mg/100mg、83.06 mg/100mg和38.47 mg/100mg、36.38 mg/100mg,安昭牛亦极显著(P＜0.01)和显著(P＜0.05)高于昭通牛.     

湖北白猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因型与相关性状关系研究

 【目的】对湖北白猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因多态性以及与生产性状的相关进行分析,为在湖北白猪优质系培育过程中进行分子标记辅助育种提供理论基础。【方法】采用PCR-RFLP（HinfⅠ、HaeⅢ、MspⅠ）方法分析湖北白猪及其杂交后代共计282头猪的H-FABP基因5′-上游区域和第二内含子遗传多态性,利用最小二乘模型分析杂交后代H-FABP基因型对相关生产性能的影响。【结果】湖北白猪在HinfⅠ-RFLP位点表现为单态,在HaeⅢ- RFLP和MspⅠ-RFLP位点上呈现多态,杂交一代、杂交二代在三个酶切位点均呈现出多态;湖北白猪在HinfⅠ-RFLP、HaeⅢ-RFLP位点均表现为低度多态,在MspⅠ-RFLP位点表现为中度多态,其杂交一代、杂交二代均表现为中度多态;不同基因型对IMF（Intramuscular fat,肌内脂肪）含量的影响,HH＞Hh＞hh,dd＞Dd＞DD,aa＞Aa＞AA,dd 基因型IMF含量显著高于DD、Dd基因型（P＜0.05）,aa、Aa基因型IMF含量极显著高于AA型（P＜0.01）。HH基因型20日龄重显著高于hh基因型（P＜0.05）。其它生产性能在不同基因型间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】在选育群体中可以通过选择H-FABP的优势基因型（aa- dd- HH）提高IMF含量而不影响其它生产性状。     

放牧补饲对肉用犊牛生长发育与经济效益的影响

[目的]研究在放牧补饲条件下不同品种肉牛的早期生长发育与经济效益。[方法]选择3月龄断奶新褐杂牛(新疆褐牛与本地牛)、安杂牛(安格斯与本地牛)、荷斯坦牛、土种牛31头,按品种分组开展夏草场放牧补饲试验。[结果]安杂牛、荷斯坦牛、新褐杂牛和土种牛补饲日增重分别为0.51、0.55、0.56、0.25 kg/d,安杂牛、荷斯坦牛、新褐杂牛的日增重与土种牛相比差异极显著(P0.01)。新褐杂牛、荷斯坦牛、安杂牛的放牧补饲效果较土种牛好,新褐杂牛、荷斯坦牛、安杂牛和土种牛的投入产出比分别为1∶2.32、1∶2.29、1∶2.12和1∶1.02,放牧补饲经济效益明显。[结论]早期断奶对后期放牧补饲肉牛的生长发育具有促进作用。     

新疆某牛场大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及16S rRNA序列分析

为了调查新疆某规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻的原因并确定病原,无菌采集15份腹泻犊牛粪样进行病原的分离培养,采用形态学观察、生化试验、血清学和致病性分析等方法鉴定分离菌株,利用大肠杆菌16SrRNA通用引物进行基因序列扩增并测序,使用DNAStar软件将分离菌株测序结果与GenBank中的其他菌株序列进行同源性比对,采用Mega...     

Impact of dominance effects on sow longevity

The purpose of the current study was to estimate variance components, especially dominance genetic variation, for overall leg action, length of productive life and sow stayability until third and fifth parity in the Finnish pig populations. The variance components were estimated in two purebred [Landrace (LR), n = 23 602 and Large White (LW), n =22 984] and crossbred (LR × LW, n = 17 440) data sets. Five different analyses were carried out for all the traits to compare the effect of sows’ inbreeding, common litter environment and parental dominance in the statistical model when determining the genetic correlations of the traits for the two purebred and crossbred populations. Estimated heritabilities for the traits ranged from 0.04 to 0.06. The estimates for the proportion of dominance variance of phenotypic variance (d²) varied between 0.01 and 0.17, and was highest in the crossbred dataset. The genetic correlations of the same traits in purebred and crossbred were all high (>0.75). Based on current results, the effect of dominance should be accounted for in the breeding value estimation of sow longevity, especially when data from crossbred animals are included in the analyses. Because dominance genetic variation for sow longevity exists that variation should be utilized through planned matings in producing sows for commercial production.     

Acute cortisol responses of calves to scoop dehorning using local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wound

Objective To measure plasma cortisol responses in calves dehorned using a scoop after administration of local anaesthesia and/or cautery of the wounds.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure There were six treatments: control handling with and without local anaesthesia, dehorning, dehorning after local anaesthesia, dehorning followed by wound cautery, and dehorning after local anaesthesia followed by wound cautery. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning.
Results Dehorning caused an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations, which decreased a little to plateau values and then declined to pretreatment values 3 to 4 h after dehorning. The peak was smaller after local anaesthesia was administered but when its effects wore off, cortisol concentrations increased and thereafter were similar to those in the dehorned animals. The combination of local anaesthesia and cautery resulted in a plasma cortisol response similar to those in control calves with or without local anaesthesia.
Conclusions If plasma cortisol concentrations reflect the distress being experienced by the calves, then local anaesthesia reduces the acute distress for about 3 h after dehorning but not during the subsequent 3 to 4 h. Combining local anaesthetic and cautery prevented the significant increase in plasma cortisol following dehorning and may eliminate the acute distress caused by scoop dehorning.     

德本F1蓝本F1牛适应性分析研究

研究了德国黄牛和比利时蓝牛的杂种后代德本F1、蓝本F1牛在甘肃省陇东地区肉牛带的适应性能，主要包括生长发育、增重、抗病性和繁殖性能等因素。结果表明德本F1、蓝本F1牛在试验期内（0～12月龄）的各项指标均优于本地牛，对当地饲养条件和环境条件表现出了良好的适应能力，可以在当地推广应用。