加强图书馆联合参考咨询系统的建设,促进文献资源的开发利用

本文简述了文献传递服务发展的基本过程,概括了联合参考咨询网服务模式与内容,对现阶段UCDRS存在的问题进行分析与探讨,提出了解决问题的方法及优化措施,积极整合各类图书馆信息资源和服务力量,促进公益性联合参考咨询系统的发展。     

A collaborative approach to investigate site fidelity, home range, and homing behavior of cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus)

Understanding the area use requirements of species targeted for protection by marine protected areas (MPAs) is critical to the future conservation efforts of economically important fish species. Knowledge of home range size and site fidelity is essential in determining whether species will benefit from the protection offered by a MPA, the size of the area needed to protect individuals, and the extent to which surrounding unprotected areas may be supplemented through post-recruitment movement or “spillover”. We utilized a traditional mark and recapture approach, along with GIS spatial analysis to investigate the site fidelity, home range, and homing behavior of the economically important fish species cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus) on the south central coast of California. In collaboration with members of the commercial live-fish fishery, a total of 1240 sub-adult and adult cabezon were tagged during 10 days of fishing from September to December of 2004 along ∼18 km of coastline. A public awareness and reward program resulted in 330 total recaptures from 290 different individuals (23% recapture rate) with recaptured individuals at liberty up to 1000 days after initial tagging. A majority of individuals displayed high site fidelity, with 81% of recapture events occurring within 100 m of their initial capture locations, and only 9 individuals (.03%) recaptured greater than 1 km. Most individuals (64%) displayed home ranges less than 1000 m². Ten individuals recaptured after experiencing translocation of up to 5.3 km displayed strong homing behavior, returning to within 14 m of their initial capture locations. Findings suggest that under circumstances where suitable habitat is available in nearby unprotected areas, that adult “spillover” will likely be limited to areas within 100 m from MPA boundaries. In addition, the size of the area needed to protect individual cabezon, should be at least 1000 m². Findings from this study demonstrate many of the potential benefits of scientists and fishers working together to investigate area use patterns of economically important fish species to facilitate future design and assessment of MPAs.     

研究型大学“科教协同”人才培养模式探析

在科研模式从小科学时代向大科学时代的转型过程中,研究型大学科教协同人才培养经历全方位变迁。人才培养模式变革是大学与社会链接的必然结果,但同时应避免使大学成为失去灵魂的卓越。基于此,应当从转变教育理念,改革课程体系,促进协同创新,创新体制机制等方面建构研究型大学科教协同人才培养模式。     

Role of social networks in urban forest management collaboration: A case study in northern Japan

Public participation is crucial for sustainable forest management. In particular, in urban forest areas, it is an important tool for overcoming conflicts among diverse needs regarding the forests through collaboration between citizens and governments. Such collaboration requires social learning. Social learning is dependent upon the presence of social networks that serve as an infrastructure for social capital. This study analyses the role of the social network in a participatory forest management approach of the Nopporo Forest Regeneration Project (NFRP) in the urban Nopporo National Forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan, aimed at restoring a typhoon damaged forest.Within the framework of the participatory approach the project hascreated a network of several citizen organizations for exchanging information. Outside this formal NFRP network several additional citizenorganizations are concerned about the Nopporo Forest management. The article describes the overall social network that has evolved around the Nopporo Forest and compares the attitudes and evaluations of the NFRP network organizations and the not formally NFRP related organizations towards their collaboration with government agencies and other citizen organizations. The overall social network around the Nopporo Forest had a multi-nodal character with the National Forest Agency and Hokkaido Prefectural Government acting as main central nodes. Only a few citizen organizations had direct relations to both central nodes; many organizations had links to either the National Forest Agency or the Prefectural Government. The organizations involved in the formal NFRP network had close ties with the National Forest Agency. This contributed to a positive evaluation of present forest management approach and the collaborative activities of the government agencies. In contrast, the organizations that were not involved in the formal NFRP network were found to have fewer ties with the National Forest Agency. The lack of opportunity to form a direct social learning relation hindered the formation of social capital and resulted in a lower evaluation of the participatory management approach as well as of the collaborative activities. Thus, although the participatory forest management approach of establishing formal social networks enhanced collaboration between the National Forest Agency and several citizen organizations and social learning, it was less successful in encouraging a democratic process involving all interested citizen organizations.     

Networked Computing–A New Collaborative Tool for Making Two Heads Better than One!

ABSTRACT

The size of the United States' coastal population is expected to increase dramatically by the year 2010, with more than 151 million additional people moving into coastal counties. This will result in our nation's coastal population swelling by nearly 27% since 1980. Rising pressures on fragile coastal resources will accompany this population growth. While increased regulation can reduce some anticipated environmental damage, university based outreach is seen as critical to advancing appropriate behavior by residents and visitors. Sea Grant outreach staff conducting this educational programming are spread over 36 states and territories. To overcome the handicap of disparate locations, networked computing is being pilot tested to increase collaboration between these marine Extension staff. Successful experiences to date suggest that emerging information technology can assist a wide variety of outreach professions to integrate their efforts.     

产品方案的模糊协同评价方法

提出了一种产品方案的模糊协同评价方法,采用由模糊数表达的模糊术语评价所有因素的权重和单因素下的产品性能,运用模糊运算获取产品方案性能的综合评价模糊值,基于模糊距离对所有设计方案进行排序;基于Web开发了产品方案的协同评价系统;实例验证表明该方法不仅有效可行,而且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

科技结对共建社会主义新农村

由上海市文明办倡导的“城乡牵手、科技结对共建”活动,旨在借助于科研机构相对先进的科技、文化、信息和物资力量,通过城乡统筹加快推进沪郊的两个文明建设,通过上海市农业科学院和崇明县绿华镇科技结对共建文明的4年实践活动,对上海科研单位和郊区农村科技结对、共建社会主义新农村进行了初步探讨。     

A study on the actual conditions and the formative process of collaboration towards realization of resource circulation in society based on biomass: case of “Aito Yellow Nanohana Eco-project” in Aito Town, Japan

This paper focuses on the actual conditions and the formative process of collaboration toward the establishment of resource circulation in society. The subject of this research is the Aito Yellow Nanohana Eco Project, a recycling system based on rape blossom cultivation in Aito Town, Japan. The main findings include: (1) This regional system can be classified into nine sections: rape blossom cultivation, rape blossom harvest, extraction of rapeseed oil, manufacture and sale of rapeseed oil, use of rapeseed oil, collection of waste oil, manufacture and sale of soap, refinement to bio-diesel fuel (BDF) and the use of BDF. (2) This regional system was established in 1998. It was formed gradually, in parallel with the movement toward environmental improvement. (3) The Environmental Co-operation and the Town Office played major roles in the establishment and management of the system. Besides these two bodies, the regional system comprises 14 bodies such as enterprises, residents, elementary and junior high schools tourists, etc. (4) The incentives to participate in the Nanohana Project are numerous. They can be divided into approximately five categories: economic profit, the promotion of environmental activity, social service (public welfare), leisure and environmental education.     

基于制造协作网的协同式CAPP系统

提出将制造协作网作为协同式计算机辅助工艺设计COCAPP的支持平台,可以实现动态联盟的组建、任务的分配、工作流的管理等,并可根据动态联盟的组建信息完成制造资源重构、工序优化配置以及作业计划规划等,实现网上虚拟企业协同制造。采用3层模式的应用软件系统结构,构建了协同式CAPP的系统体系结构,使COCAPP系统具有可重构、规模可变和功能可扩充的能力,满足虚拟企业各成员开展工艺协同设计的需要。重点对工艺设计协同的方式和实现方法进行了研究,给出了一种解决COCAPP系统中工艺协同设计问题的方法。     

Building Community Capacity through Enhanced Collaboration in the Farmers Market Nutrition Program

The Farmers Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) is a federal-state partnership designed to provide fresh, locally grown produce to low-income participants at nutritional risk and expand consumer awareness and use of local produce sold at farmers markets. This paper describes the results of a collaboration initiative based on the typology of a “comprehensive, multisectorial collaboration” to support the FMNP. We report the outcomes of the partnerships that developed over three years, including increased outreach to FMNP participants and strategies to decrease barriers to participation. Those partnerships that reached higher degrees of coordination or collaboration are now addressing market accessibility and market quality in new ways. Those partnerships that exhibited the highest degree of collaboration are contributing to community capacity building beyond FMNP issues per se and to larger issues affecting the agriculture community and the food security of residents. Jamie S. Dollahite, PhD, RD, is an associate professor of Community Nutrition. She leads the Food and Nutrition Education in Communities programs, including Cornell Cooperative Extension’s role in the Farmers Market Nutrition Program, which provide outreach to and conduct research with limited resource audiences across New York State. Janet A. Nelson, MS Ed, is an Extension associate in Community Nutrition. Since 1999 she has coordinated Cornell Cooperative Extension’s role in the New York State Farmers Market Nutrition Program. For the preceding five years, Janet was Rural and Community Nutrition Educator for Cornell Cooperative Extension of Oswego County where she facilitated Extension’s relationship with the NYS-FMNP at the county level. Edward A. Frongillo, PhD, is an associate professor of Community and International Nutrition. His work includes the evaluation of program enhancements for the Farmers Market Nutrition Program, as well as studying the impact of nutrition programs for elders on food security, dietary intake, and nutritional status. Matthew Griffin, MS, is the Nutrition Resource Manager at the Food Bank of the Southern Tier, Elmira, New York where he coordinates nutrition, food safety, and community food security programs in connection with emergency food relief organizations.