手动比例复合阀在中高压液压绞纲机中的应用

中高压液压技术在海洋捕捞机械—绞纲机中的使用推动了我国渔业机械的发展,手动比例复合阀在中高压液压技术上的应用则大大加快了液压绞纲机在国内渔业生产中的普及。目前,我国浙江、江苏、福建、广东和山东等省沿海渔民使用的绞纲机普遍采用带手动比例复合阀的液压系统。为此,对手动比例复合阀换向、溢流、调速集成等功能进行了分析。     

表达序列标签（ESTs）及其应用

表达序列标签(ESTs)是指从(ESTcDNA文库中随机挑取克隆并对其3’或5’端进行单轮自动测序所获得的短cDNA库列，一般长度为300～500bp。要有效获取ESTs，必须对cDNA文库进行预处理，处理方法有衰减杂交法、均一化法和差异显示法。在dbEST中收录了大量各种生物的ESTs。ESTs广泛应用于鉴定基因、发现新基因、电子克隆、构建遗传学图谱、制备DNA芯片、分子标记、研究基因的差异表达及检验病原微生物等方面。     

杨树抗黑斑病相关基因表达谱分析

利用黑斑病的高抗无性系美洲黑杨I-69及黑斑病的高感无性系欧美杨I-45为材料建立的2个cDNA文库,随机挑取cDNA克隆进行5'端EST序列测序,共获得有效序列20 023条.序列经聚类分析和拼接后,共获得10 816个Unigene,其中包括3 734个Contig,7 082个独立的Singleton.被注释的8 853个具有同源性匹配序列基因中,按照GO的分子功能、生物过程和细胞组分3个不同分类角度进行分类.在具有功能注释的8 853个Unigene中,选出330个与完成全基因组测序的毛果杨序列进行BLAST分析,结果发现有177个抗病相关候选基因出现在282个Unigene中,其中135个分布于杨树的18个不同连锁群上,其他42个基因位于还没定位的scaffolds上.所测定的这些EST序列为后期在基因组水平上研究杨树黑斑病的水平抗性遗传机制及进一步的相关基因发现奠定基础.

Abstract：

In an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism for resistance of black spot disease in poplar,gene expression profiles in leaves of Populus deltoides'Lus'(I-69/55)and P.euramericana'I-45/51',which were inoculated with the pathogen Marssonina brunnea f.sp.brunnea,were analyzed based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs).A total of 20 023 valid ESTs from the 5'terminal ends derived from corresponding cDNA libraries of the two poplar species were sequenced.Cluster analysis of the 20 023 sequences yielded 10 816 tentative unigenes,including 3 734 contigs and 7 082 singletons.All tentative unigenes were classified by Gene Ontology functional categories.To find resistance-associated candidate genes and locate them on poplar genome,330 unigenes was chosen from 8 853 annotated tentative unigenes,and their BLAST alignment was conducted with Populus trichocarpa assembly,1 77 related candidate resistant genes were found,and they presented in 282 unigenes.Among these genes,there were 1 35 genes located on 18 different linkage groups of poplar genome,and 42 genes located on the different scaffolds.This study supplied a resource of candidate genes for further exploring the genetic mechanism for the host horizontal resistance to the pathogen Marssonina brunnea at the whole genome range,and provided important information for further gene discovery.     

Diel differences in blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia

The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). From 2014 to 2019, during 6 separate research cruises, the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags (DTAGs), generating ≈190 h of data. Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime (day: 32.6 ± 18.7 m; night: 6.2 ± 2.7 m; P < 0.01). During the night, most time was spent close to the surface (86% ± 9.4%; P < 0.01) and at depths of less than 12 m. From 2016 to 2019, active acoustics (scientific echosounders) were used to record prey (euphausiids) density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data. Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day. The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also ≈12 m. In recent decades, northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry. Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region. Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.     

钢丝绳隔振器驾驶座减振性能研究

介绍了拖拉机非线性驾驶座动态特性分析和随机振动试验技术。该技术是在大量试验的基础上,根据振动理论和数值分析方法,建立起来的非线性驾驶座振动特性分析和仿真技术。将此技术运用到自行研制的复合阻尼钢丝绳隔振器驾驶座的研制和分析上,取得了良好的效果。     

龙池鲫DNA含量、倍性分析及其形态学特征研究

以鸡(Gallus sp.)红细胞DNA含量(2.5 pg/N)为标准对照,利用流式细胞术测定了龙池鲫(Carassius auratus in Long Lake)的红细胞核DNA含量,采用T型标技术标记了2倍体与3倍体龙池鲫并研究了2倍体与3倍体龙池鲫的形态特征,为阐明龙池鲫的遗传背景及资源增殖保护提供科学依据。结果显示,实验检测的265尾龙池鲫中,42尾龙池鲫样品红细胞核的相对DNA含量接近76,占15.85%,223尾样品接近110,占群体数的84.15%;二倍体龙池鲫的DNA含量为3.83 pg/N,三倍体龙池鲫的DNA含量为5.38 pg/N。龙池鲫是由二倍体和三倍体两种类型的鱼组成的混合群体;侧线鳞数量可作为二倍体龙池鲫与三倍体龙池鲫的辨别参考指标。T型标暂养1周后龙池鲫的成活率达到100%,脱牌率为1.13%。     

三角帆蚌外套膜表达的免疫相关基因筛选

利用三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜cDNA文库EST序列,通过BLAST分析注释基因功能,发现35个与免疫防御功能相关的基因。根据其功能,这些免疫相关基因可划分为7类,即细胞免疫过程(2个)、蛋白酶和蛋白酶调节子(9个)、压力蛋白(7个)、抗菌肽(5个)、溶酶体酶(2个)、粘着蛋白(3个)及细胞凋亡和细胞周期调控相关基因(7个)。免疫相关基因在三角帆蚌外套膜中的广泛表达表明外套膜是重要的免疫组织。该研究为三角帆蚌外套膜分子免疫机理研究和抗病育种工作提供了基础性资料。     

乌鳢和斑鳢EST序列微卫星信息分析

乌鳢(Channa argus,♂)、斑鳢(Channa maculatus,♀)是杂交鳢"杭鳢1号"的亲本。利用高通量测序技术对乌鳢和斑鳢的肝脏进行转录组测序获得大量EST序列后,利用MISA软件进行微卫星信息分析,结果表明,通过转录组测序获得乌鳢EST序列59 959条,长度45 mb,发现15 428个SSR,出现频率为25.73%;获得斑鳢EST序列44 337条,长度27 mb,发现8 439个SSR,出现频率为19.03%。在乌鳢和斑鳢EST-SSR中,重复单元以1~2碱基重复为最多,并以长度小于16 bp的短重复序列为主,间隔SSR和复合SSR的EST序列RPKM均值要低于单纯型SSR的EST序列RPKM均值,且在单纯型SSR中SSR长度越长,其RPKM均值则越低。