低聚糖对雏鸡大肠粪便NH3-N含量及肠道菌群的影响

试验选取1日龄罗曼蛋公雏250只，随机分为5组，试验组饲料或饮水中分别添加海藻糖(500mg／kg)、海藻胶(600mg／kg)、大豆寡糖(500mg／kg)、圆葱寡糖(500mg/d)。结果表明，四种低聚糖均可促进肠道乳酸菌及双歧杆菌的生长繁殖，对魏氏梭菌的生长呈现抑制作用。海藻糖、海藻胶对降低大肠粪便NH3—N含量效果不显著(P＞0．05)，而大豆寡糖效果显著(P＜0．05)，圆葱寡糖效果极显著(P＜0.01)。     

壳聚糖对黄瓜种子萌发和生长发育的影响

研究了壳聚糖对黄瓜种子萌发和生长发育的影响。结果表明，壳聚糖能促进种子萌发，改善根系的发育，增强超微弱发光强度和过氧化氢酶的活性，最适宜浓度为0.1%和0.05%。     

壳聚糖澄清黄瓜汁的试验研究

用壳聚糖对黄瓜汁进行澄清试验,研究了壳聚糖用量、pH、温度等工艺条件对黄瓜汁澄清效果的影响,并通过正交试验确定壳聚糖澄清黄瓜汁的最适工艺条件为:壳聚糖用量0.5g/L、温度50℃、pH4.0、反应时间1.5 h.     

Ulva (Enteromorpha) Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides: A Potential Functional Food Source from Green-Tide-Forming Macroalgae

The high-valued utilization of Ulva (previously known as Enteromorpha) bioresources has drawn increasing attention due to the periodic blooms of world-wide green tide. The polysaccharide is the main functional component of Ulva and exhibits various physiological activities. The Ulva oligosaccharide as the degradation product of polysaccharide not only possesses some obvious activities, but also possesses excellent solubility and bioavailability. Both Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides hold promising potential in the food industry as new functional foods or food additives. Studies on Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are increasing and have been the focus of the marine bioresources field. However, the comprehensive review of this topic is still rare and do not cover the recent advances of the structure, isolation, preparation, activity and applications of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the recent advances of chemical composition, extraction, purification, structure, and activity of Ulva polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides. In addition, the potential applications as new functional food and food additives have also been considered, and these will definitely expand the applications of Ulva oligosaccharides in the food and medical fields.     

不同分子量壳寡糖对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗抗病酶活性影响的研究

采用平均分子量分别为3000、5000、10000的0.3%(w/v)壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子并对处理过的种子进行发芽试验和幼苗抗病酶活性的测定。结果表明:三种不同分子量壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子,均可以提高黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并且提高了幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白的含量。增强了幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导了病程相关蛋白(即,几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶)的表达。其中,以平均分子量为10000的壳寡糖对种子活力及幼苗的生长和抗病酶活性的影响最好,其发芽指数和活力指数分别比对照提高了32.64%、60.47%;苗高、可溶性蛋白含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性分别比对照提高了20.98%、33.80%、43.17%、15.73%、26.41%。     

几种壳聚糖降解方法探讨

壳聚糖经降解后的低聚壳聚糖和壳寡糖具有优异的生理活性.本文着重介绍了壳聚糖降解方法中化学降解法、物理降解法和酶降解法,以及由这3种降解法派生出的一些适合实际生产的复合降解法,并对其工业化生产的可行性和品质优劣进行了探讨.     

几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品工业中的应用

几丁质/壳聚糖由于其独特的分子结构而具有很多特殊功能。几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品、纺织、印染、造纸、医药、农业、环保、化工等行业有着广阔的应用。在食品工业中,可作为保健食品基料、抗菌剂、果蔬保鲜剂、液体食品的澄清剂、食用包装膜、食品废水处理、饮用水净化剂、固定化酶载体、食品加工剂、霉菌污染检测、肉制品抗氧化剂等。     

The Microstructure,Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Derivatives

Chitosan obtained from abundant marine resources has been proven to have a variety of biological activities. However, due to its poor water solubility, chitosan application is limited, and the degradation products of chitosan oligosaccharides are better than chitosan regarding performance. Chitosan oligosaccharides have two kinds of active groups, amino and hydroxyl groups, which can form a variety of derivatives, and the properties of these derivatives can be further improved. In this review, the key structures of chitosan oligosaccharides and recent studies on chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, including their synthesis methods, are described. Finally, the antimicrobial and antitumor applications of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives are discussed.     

卡利比克迈耶氏酵母对水果采后病害的抑制及对展青霉素的降解机制

为了明确拮抗酵母卡利比克迈耶氏酵母Meyerozyma caribbica对果实采后病害的抑制效果及其对毒素的降解机制, 本文研究了卡利比克迈耶氏酵母结合辅助因子褐藻寡糖(alginate oligosaccharide, AOS), 对草莓、梨、苹果、番茄的青霉病、灰霉病和黑斑病的抑制效果, 以及拮抗酵母不同处理液对展青霉素(patulin, PAT)体外降解的机制。结果表明, 浓度为1×108 cfu/mL的M. caribbica可有效抑制草莓、梨、苹果青霉病, 草莓、番茄、葡萄灰霉病以及番茄、梨、葡萄黑斑病的发生, 添加5 g/L的AOS能显著增强M. caribbica的抑制效果; M. caribbica发酵液可以有效降解苹果伤口处的PAT, 处理后8 d其降解率为30.35%, 经AOS诱导后, 其对PAT的降解效率达到39.15%。体外条件下, 接种M. caribbica后27 h可将10 μg/mL的PAT完全降解; M. caribbica主要是通过活细胞代谢降解PAT, 同时AOS可显著增加M. caribbica 的降解能力, 说明卡利比克迈耶氏酵母是一株生防潜力较好的菌株, 本研究为该生防菌株的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

壳聚糖固定化胰蛋白酶研究

以自制的壳聚糖为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂,制备了壳聚糖固定化胰蛋白酶。经测定该酶活性回收率达到72.7%,操作半衰期为12 d,表观米氏常数为5.88 mg/ml,最适pH值为8.0,最适温度为40℃;与游离胰蛋白酶相比,酶的耐热性和操作半衰期有明显提高,但表观米氏常数也略有增大。