水环境中Ni~(2+)对鲤鱼鳃和肝脏的组织损伤

为研究水环境中Ni~(2+)对鲤鱼鳃和肝脏的组织损伤,将鲤鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)暴露在Ni~(2+)浓度为0、0.55、0.62、0.72、0.83、0.96、1.09、1.25mmol/L的水环境中进行急性毒性试验,并通过组织切片观察鳃和肝脏的组织病理变化。结果显示,Ni~(2+)对鲤鱼的96h半数致死浓度(LC_(50))为0.72 mmol/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.007 2 mmol/L。高浓度Ni~(2+)(1.25 mmol/L)试验组鲤鱼的鳃小片呼吸上皮细胞坏死、脱落,肝血窦淤血,肝细胞核固缩;中低浓度Ni~(2+)(0.72～1.09mmol/L)试验组鲤鱼的鳃小片呼吸上皮水肿浮离、细胞增生,血窦充血,肝细胞胞浆空泡化。表明水环境中的Ni~(2+)浓度高于0.007 2mmol/L时会对鲤鱼的鳃和肝脏造成急性毒性,导致鳃和肝脏出现明显的组织病理变化。     

草鱼肾组织细胞系CIK的建立及其生物学特性

作者于1982年1月开始进行草鱼肾组织单层细胞培养，至今已连续培养32个月，传至120多代，建立了细胞系，定名为草鱼肾组织细胞系(CIK)。本文介绍了原代和传代培养、细胞形态、细胞生长速度和分裂指数、细胞的保存和对温度的适应性、细胞染色体分析以及细胞系对病毒敏感性的试验和研究结果。CIK生长迅速、适应性强、以20℃-38℃生长较好，28℃左右生长稳定，pH为6．5时仍能保持致密单层，染色体数为非整倍体，众数为55。对草鱼出血病左右病毒FRV具敏感性。     

Incorporation of Maize Gluten in Supplementary Feed and its Impact on Growth and Flesh Quality of Some Carps

Maize gluten (a byproduct from the starch industry) was used at four different levels (5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w) replacing the fish meal, a component of supplementary diet, under a semi-intensive culture system. The impact of different diets on the physico-chemical parameters of water, growth and flesh quality of catla, Catla catla; rohu, Labeo rohita; and mrigal, Cirrhina mrigala was studied. Growth in terms of body weight gain was highest when fed a diet having 5% maize gluten (replacing fish meal at 25% level) for all the fish species. However, incorporation of maize gluten at higher levels led to decline in growth, since maize gluten is deficient in essential amino acids like methionine, lysine and threonine, etc. The flesh quality in terms of total protein, total lipid, total sugar, moisture and total ash was also determined at the termination of the experiment to see whether there was any significant variation with the incorporation of maize gluten or not.     

高寒鲤染色体核型分析

采用植物血球凝集素（ＰＨＡ）体内注射,肾组织细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备了高寒鲤染色体,核型分析结果是：高寒鲤染色体的核型公式为２ｎ＝１００＝２８ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４４ｓｔｔ,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝１５６。     

鲤鱼白细胞介素-1β全长cDNA的克隆·鉴定及其差异表达分析

[目的]进行鲤鱼白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）全长cDNA的克隆、鉴定及其差异表达分析。[方法]利用DD-RTPCR方法获得差异表达cDNA片段,对有丝分裂原刺激的鲤鱼外周血白细胞cDNA文库进行筛选,克隆了鲤鱼IL-1β的全长cDNA,并进行了序列分析和差异表达分析。[结果]获得的阳性克隆含有1个大小为831 bp编码276个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框。聚类分析表明,鲤鱼IL-1β氨基酸序列与日本鲤鱼紧密聚为一支,氨基酸序列的同源性达95%,之后聚类顺序依次为鲫鱼、斑马鱼、猪、牛、马、人和小鼠。差异表达分析表明,经有丝分裂原刺激后前期（4 h）白细胞中IL-1β的表达量显著增大,但随着时间推移（12,24 h）并非一直较同期大,表达量总体趋势成峰形。[结论]为进一步研究IL-1β在体内的表达方式、功能特点和调控机理以及在炎症反应、应急反应和免疫应答的作用机制奠定了基础。     

鲤鱼IL8的克隆及序列分析*

 利用DD-RTPCR（正常鲤鱼外周血白细胞和经有丝分裂源刺激后白细胞的总RNA）获得的差异显示片段B₁₀克隆（编码IL8的一段序列）,对该基因进行DIG标记,对有丝分裂原刺激的鲤鱼外周血白细胞cDNA文库进行核酸杂交筛选,从0.8×10⁴个重组噬菌体中,经过2轮筛选最终获得阳性克隆,挑选了3个分别命名为IL8-1,IL8-2,IL8-3。测序后经NCBI Blast分析表明,阳性克隆具有完整阅读框架,均为编码鲤鱼IL8的全长cDNA,编码的多肽由98个氨基酸残基组成,其相对分子质量理论推导值为 10 848.9 Da,等电点为8.68。且与2003年12月Dev Comp Immunol.杂志报道的荷兰鲤鱼氨基酸的同源性达84%。     

形态性状对鲤鱼家系F1代体重的影响

[目的]探讨鲤鱼家系F1代形态性状与体重的相关性.[方法]对鲤鱼家系F1代全长(X1)、体长(X2)、体高(X3)、体宽(X4)和体重(Y)进行测定,运用通径分析、相关分析及多元回归分析对其主要性状对体重的直接作用和间接作用进行评估,建立多元回归方程,定量分析鲤鱼家系F1代形态性状对体重的影响效果.[结果]鲤鱼家系F1代全长和体高与体重的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);全长对体重的直接效应最大,其通径系数为0.756,是影响体重的主要因素.体高对体重的影响主要是间接效应,其通径系数为0.201.保留的形态性状与体重的相关系数R2为0.891,说明所保留形态性状是影响体重的主要性状.采用逐步线性回归的方法,以体重为依变量(Y),以全长(X1)和体高(X3)为自变量,建立了多元回归方程:Y=-820.966+ 30.580X1+ 36.505X3.[结论]该研究结果可为杂交鲤鱼的选择育种提供科学依据,以全长作为首选指标能有效增加体重.     

Tagging effects on three non-native fish species in England (Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva, Sander lucioperca) and of native Salmo trutta

Abstract –  To address the dearth of information on tagging effects and long-term survivorship of tagged fish in native and introduced species, laboratory and field investigations were undertaken on three non-native fish species (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus ; topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva ; pikeperch Sander lucioperca ) tagged with coded-wire (CW), passive integrated transponder (PIT), radio (RT) telemetry and/or acoustic tags (AT), with survivorship of native brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) examined in the field. Laboratory results revealed high survivorship following tag attachment/insertion and resumption of feeding within 24–48 h of tagging (all mortalities could be attributed to an unrelated outbreak of fungal infection), with retention rates being high in both pumpkinseed and pikeperch but low in topmouth gudgeon (excluded from field studies). In the field, short-term post-operation survival was high in pikeperch, pumpkinseed and brown trout. In pumpkinseed and trout, 100% of RT fish survived a 24–30 day tracking study, with 60% and 80%, respectively, recaptured alive at least 3 months post-tagging. Of PIT tagged pumpkinseed, 44% were recaptured (after 6–18 months), with small-sized, CW-tagged fish (0.38 g weight) captured up to 1 year after tagging. In pikeperch, all AT fish except one (the smallest specimen) survived their full expected tracking period (i.e. tag life) – the single lost specimen survived at least half of its expected tracking period (i.e. 6 month battery life). Overall, the tagging methods used were highly effective in pumpkinseed and pikeperch, showing good retention and survival, but PIT tagging of topmouth gudgeon was plagued by low survivorship and tag rejection.     

鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)的研究进展

鲤春病毒血症病毒（SVCV）是一种能够引起鲤科鱼类急性传染性病毒病-鲤春病毒血症（SVC）的病原，一旦暴发会造成巨大的经济损失。该病主要在欧洲的鲤鱼养殖中广泛传播，主要症状为体内出血，腹膜炎及腹水。SVCV具有囊膜，暂时列为弹状病毒科水泡性病毒属。病毒基因组为线性单股不分段的负链RNA，长11019个核苷酸，主要包含5个基因，分别编码核蛋白N、磷蛋白P、基质蛋白M、糖蛋白G和RNA聚合酶L。日前，中国出入境检验检疫检测SVCV的行业标准是逆转录PCR法。本研究从病毒的生物学特征，感染的临床症状及流行特点，病毒基因组及其多肽特征，病毒的分类地位以及检测技术等方面对国内外研究的现状作一综述，以期为研究者提供理论参考。     

鲤鱼单极虫病组织病理研究

本文报道了1989年以来,造成王快水库等网箱养鲤大批死亡的单极虫病,病鱼出现烂鳃、肛门红肿、腹部膨大,腹腔内有大量粘液等症状;显微观察的结果为:各组织器官发生病变,肠上皮细胞严重坏死,平滑肌纤维发生玻璃样变及解体,鳃丝充血,鳃小片融合,肝细胞核溶解、坏死。