Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

承德避暑山庄杜梨瘿螨发生规律研究

[目的]研究杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,并观察评估杜梨瘿螨对其他果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[方法]野外调查结合室内观察了解杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律 室内人工接虫饲育观察杜梨瘿螨对其他多种果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[结果]基本摸清了杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,杜梨瘿螨在承德一年发生2代,以成螨于杜梨芽鳞内越冬,春季4月中旬在杜梨树初展叶时,越冬螨虫开始出蛰活动 7月下旬叶面上的虫瘿数达到最高峰,8月上旬后螨虫开始蛰伏越冬。接虫饲育试验表明,杜梨瘿螨仅在桃、山楂叶片上能存活较长时间,但不能形成虫瘿,在所有的供试果树和蔬菜上均不能最终成活。[结论]杜梨瘿螨活动为害期集中在4~7月,具有生态脆弱性,属单食性害虫,只能在杜梨树上形成虫瘿,对供试的多种植物不构成危害。     

火鹤花衰退病诊断与检疫

本文描述了火鹤衰退病病害症状和2种穿孔线虫(香蕉穿孔线虫Rodopholus sim-ilis和柑橘穿孔线虫R．citrophilus)的鉴定特征，提出了检疫检验和疫情处理方法。     

非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。     

Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)

Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC₅₀ 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC₅₀ 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

研究温度、营养盐浓度以及光照强度对淡水浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)及其代谢产物二-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的影响,为控制丝状蓝藻生长及预警水体嗅味物质污染提供实践依据。浮丝藻由中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水藻种库分离于安徽巢湖;设置的实验温度为15、20、25、30℃,BG-11营养盐溶液体积分数为20%、30%、50%、100%,光照为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000 lx。结果表明,温度对浮丝藻生长密度、总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著,25℃是浮丝藻最适宜生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10⁵个/mL,30℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量均最高,分别为3.64×10³ng/L和2.78×10³ng/L;其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,低浓度营养盐时胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌;光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,...     

三种内生真菌与大花蕙兰共生对矿质营养吸收的影响

以从兰科植物出的内生真菌与大花蕙兰接种,均能形成菌根,其中ＧＣ９４１和ＧＣ９４５两种菌只侵染根的表皮细胞,在细胞内呈菌丝结结构,而ＧＣ９３４菌在侵染前期同前两和种真菌,后期菌丝可部分侵染皮层细胞,并呈疏松的分枝状结构。３种内生真菌可使幼苗茎叶干重比增施矿质营养但不接种真菌的处理（ＣＫ２）提高１７３．２％－２５０．１％,并对植株吸收Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ养分有促进作用,其中ＧＣ９４５菌使幼苗吸收Ｎ和Ｋ的量比ＣＫ     

白莲腐败病病原菌的分离鉴定

莲腐败病是白莲种植区发生最普遍、为害最严重的病害之一。本试验对发病白莲上的病原茵进行分离鉴定。该病原分离物在PSA培养基上气生茵丝由白色渐变成深紫色,并产生大小两种孢子。大型分生孢子镰刀形,无色,稍呈弯曲,两端尖细,大小为（39．1-55．2）μm×（2．8～4．6）p,m,多为3个隔膜,少部分为1-2隔或4~5隔;小型分生孢子椭圆形。无色,无隔膜,大小为（5．0～9．2）μm×（2．0～3．5）μm。致病性测定表明分离物能100％引起白莲出现典型的白莲腐败病的症状。ITSl／ITS4的PCR扩增产物与GenBank中Fusariumoxysporum￡sp．nelumbicola的序列同源性为99％。研究结果表明。分离到的病原物为尖孢镰刀茵莲专化型Foxysporum f.sp．ndumbicola。     

索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的寄生动态及其防控效果

为明确田间水稻白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)的主要寄生性天敌索线虫科线虫的寄生动态及防控效果,于2013—2015年在湖南省长沙市宁乡市通过田间调查和线虫罩笼法研究了索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的寄生动态以及优势种长沙多索线虫Agamermis changshaensis Bao,Luo et Luo对褐飞虱的防控效果。结果表明,在长沙市,索线虫科线虫寄生白背飞虱始见期为6月底至7月初,1个月后出现高峰期,基本与白背飞虱发生高峰期同步;对褐飞虱寄生高峰期早稻多发生在7月中下旬,而晚稻在8月底至9月中旬。索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为16.95%、14.81%和7.69%;而对褐飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为43.33%、20.93%和11.63%。2014年和2015年罩笼盆栽试验结果表明,处理后45 d长沙多索线虫对褐飞虱的防控效果分别为36.11%和33.19%。研究结果表明长沙多索线虫可以作为水稻稻飞虱绿色防控的一种重要辅助性措施。