基于nanoUPLC-MS/MS的螺旋藻游离肽组成分析

为了研究螺旋藻中的多肽成分,以钝顶螺旋藻为原料,采用超滤法提取螺旋藻中的游离肽,利用nanoUPLC-MS/MS和PEAKS Studio分析谱图信息,结合NCBI数据库进行比对和从头测序分析,获得游离肽的结构组成和百分含量信息。结果表明,利用数据库比对法和从头测序法,分别得到可信的游离肽4 485个和20 597个,匹配到的蛋白质有1 036种。数据库比对结果中的游离肽主要为七肽到二十一肽,少量为二十一肽以上;从头测序结果中游离肽主要为二肽到十六肽,少量为十六肽以上。数据库比对结果中百分含量最高的游离肽是十肽,为15.95%;从头测序结果中百分含量最高的是五肽,达到24.09%。本研究结果为螺旋藻蛋白资源的进一步开发和利用提供了依据。     

无机与有机碳源混合营养培养对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响

为深入考察碳源混合营养对螺旋藻生长的影响,采用响应面分析法对螺旋藻混合营养培养中的无机碳源(NaHCO3)与有机碳源(葡萄糖)进行2因素3水平试验.结果表明:单因素试验螺旋藻在基础培养基条件下,添加1.5g/L葡萄糖时,最终生物量为1.242 9 g/L;在以最佳葡萄糖添加浓度时,NaHCO3的最佳添加浓度为8.4g/...     

钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的提取及分子量研究

以藻蓝蛋白(CPC)的提取率为指标,用冻融法对藻蓝蛋白进行提取,最后用SDS-PAGE和排阻色谱法对藻蓝蛋白的分子量分别进行了测定,结果表明,冻融法提取藻蓝蛋白的最优工艺参数为:料液比为1∶22,提取温度35℃,提取时间2.5h,藻蓝蛋白的提取率为3.19%。SDS-PAGE法测得藻蓝蛋白的分子量为40000 Da,排阻色谱法测得藻蓝蛋白的分子量为43200 Da,这2种方法所得的CPC蛋白分子量基本一致。     

影响螺旋藻生长因素的研究进展

螺旋藻具有丰富和全面的营养,同时具有重要的医疗保健价值,有着广阔的应用前景.笔者主要论述了不同的螺旋藻培养条件对其生长和产物的影响.     

Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass

Koi carp and goldfish value increases with intensity of skin colour, which is an important quality criterion. Fish cannot fully synthesize their own carotenoid colourings and these must therefore be included in their diet. Two trials were undertaken to investigate skin colour enhancement in ornamental species (i.e. three chromatic varieties of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), namely Kawari (red), Showa (black and red) and Bekko (black and white) and goldfish (Carassius auratus)) by feeding a dietary carotenoid supplement of freshwater microalgal biomass [Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and also the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina)], using a diet containing synthetic astaxanthin and a control diet with no colouring added for comparison. In the first trial, five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 juvenile koi carp (C. carpio) (initial mean body weight 24.6 ± 0.7 g) were fed, for 10 weeks, one of the four diets containing 80 mg colouring/kg diet. In the second trial, this procedure was repeated for five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 goldfish (C. auratus) (initial mean body weight of 0.9 ± 0.1 g). Initial and final samples of skin along the dorsal fin were withdrawn, from five fish per group, for subsequent analysis of total carotenoid content (spectrophotometric analysis), and red hue (colorimetric analysis, CIE (1976) L* a* b* colour system). Growth and feed efficiency were not significantly different between groups administered by the various dietary treatments. In both trials, dietary carotenoid supplementation increased total skin carotenoid content. The more efficient colouring for koi carps was found to be C. vulgaris biomass, providing both maximum total carotenoid deposition and red hue for the three chromatic koi carp varieties studied, and particularly for the kawari variety. For goldfish the best colouring obtained, as ascertained by total carotenoid content, was also achieved using C. vulgaris biomass, and red hue was maximum when using H. pluvialis biomass.     

Pigment deficiency correction in shrimp broodstock using Spirulina as a carotenoid source

In this study, an effort was made to cure the pigment deficiency syndrome (PDS) exhibited by pond‐reared Fenneropenaeus indicus (H.Milne Edwards) broodstock, using the blue‐green algae Spirulina as a carotenoid source in diet. The PDS symptoms included bleaching of ovary and reduced early larval performance. Biochemical analysis indicated reduced quantity of total carotenoids in egg and nauplii from the females with PDS. When PDS females were fed 30 g kg^?1Spirulina‐supplemented diet immediately after the appearance of symptoms, the egg and nauplii carotenoid values improved gradually and attained the pre‐PDS values after a minimum of 4 week period. Spirulina supplementation also improved significantly (P < 0.05) the spawn quality (hatch per spawn, nauplii per spawn, nauplii viability) and larval quality indices (P < 0.05). The egg and nauplii protein values exhibited a trend similar to carotenoids, confirming the influence of latter on protein stability previously reported by researchers. The study confirms the bioavailability of carotenoids from Spirulina to shrimp broodstock and recommends its regular inclusion in diet to preclude carotenoid deficiency‐related problems in shrimp hatcheries.     

螺旋藻工厂化培养条件优化及营养成分比较

[目的]对螺旋藻工厂化的培养条件进行优化,并对其营养成分的含量进行比较。[方法]在以采光板作顶棚的封闭式车间内,采用4种不同直径的光生物反应器对春季螺旋藻进行培养,并对不同直径的光生物反应器所能达到的最大细胞密度及各种主要营养成分的含量进行比较。[结果]在20 cm的光生物反应器所能达到的最大细胞密度最大,为1.52 g/L。20 cm的光生物反应器培养的螺旋藻所含蛋白质和藻蓝蛋白含量最高;蛋白质含量最高可以达到61.2%,藻蓝蛋白含量最高可以达到10.9%。10 cm的光生物反应器培养的螺旋藻所含的粗脂肪、多糖和叶绿素a的含量最高、粗脂肪的含量最高可以达到7.48%,多糖最高可以达到8.2%,叶绿素a可以达到1.3 mg/g。[结论]该方法优化了螺旋藻工厂化的培养条件,为螺旋藻的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes,colonic immune factors,fecal odor,and fecal flora in mice

To evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN-γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF-κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL-1α, IL-21, IL-22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF-α, and the colonic AHR and NF-κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL-21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.     

螺旋藻中长足萎脉水蝇发生规律研究

从室内饲养和１００００ｍ２螺旋藻（ＳｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａＰｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓＧｅｉｔｌｅｒ）培养池内调查结果表明：长足萎脉水蝇（ＢｒａｃｈｙｄｅｕｔｅｒａｌｏｎｇｉｐｅｓＨｅｎｄｅｌ）以成虫在茭白丛及杂草丛内越冬。翌年螺旋藻开始培养时,首次迁入培养池内繁殖危害。该虫一年发生八个世代,其中第三世代为高温代,第四世代为迁飞代,第八世代为不完全世代。螺旋藻培养液ｐＨ不同（ｐＨ９、ｐＨ１０）对其发生规律无影响,而气象条件是造成该成虫迁飞降落的主要因素。温度是影响其各世代发生时间长短的决定因素。     

生物材料冻干过程分形多孔介质传热传质模拟

为了研究生物材料冻干过程中的超常传热传质机理,建立了考虑已干层分形特点的冻干模型,水蒸气和惰性气体在已干层中的连续方程采用了分形多孔介质中的扩散方程,扩散系数随已干层厚度的增加呈指数下降。该理论模型可确定已干层的分形特点对生物材料冻干过程升华界面的移动和干燥时间的影响,预测生物材料冻干过程中物料内部温度和结合水浓度的分布。以螺旋藻为对象,利用分形模型借助Matlab和Fluent软件模拟了螺旋藻的冻干过程,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。