Landscape Zonation, benefit functions and target-based planning: Unifying reserve selection strategies

The most widespread reserve selection strategy is target-based planning, as specified under the framework of systematic conservation planning. Targets are given for the representation levels of biodiversity features, and site selection algorithms are employed to either meet the targets with least cost (the minimum set formulation) or to maximize the number of targets met with a given resource (maximum coverage). Benefit functions are another recent approach to reserve selection. In the benefit function framework the objective is to maximize the value of the reserve network, however value is defined. In one benefit function formulation value is a sum over species-specific values, and species-specific value is an increasing function of representation. This benefit function approach is computationally convenient, but because it allows free tradeoffs between species, it essentially makes the assumption that species are acting as surrogates, or samples from a larger regional species pool. The Zonation algorithm is a recent computational method that produces a hierarchy of conservation priority through the landscape. This hierarchy is produced via iterative removal of selection units (cells) using the criterion of least marginal loss of conservation value to decide which cell to remove next. The first variant of Zonation, here called core-area Zonation, has a characteristic of emphasizing core-areas of all species. Here I separate the Zonation meta-algorithm from the cell removal rule, the definition of marginal loss of conservation value utilized inside the algorithm. I show how additive benefit functions and target-based planning can be implemented into the Zonation framework via the use of particular kinds of cell removal rules. The core-area, additive benefit function and targeting benefit function variants of Zonation have interesting conceptual differences in how they treat and trade off between species in the planning process.     

Characterizing environmental and spatial variables associated with the incidental catch of olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific purse‐seine fishery

In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), a region of high fishing activity, olive ridley (Lepidochelis olivacea) and other sea turtles are accidentally caught in fishing nets with tuna and other animals. To date, the interaction between fishing activity, ocean conditions and sea turtle incidental catch in the ETP has been described and quantified, but the factors leading to the interaction of olive ridleys and fishing activity are not well understood. This information is essential for the development of future management strategies that avoid bycatch and incidental captures of sea turtles. We used Generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze the relationship between olive ridley incidental catch per unit effort (iCPUE) in the ETP purse‐seine fisheries and environmental conditions, geographic extent and fishing set type (associated with dolphins, floating objects or in free‐swimming tuna schools). Our results suggest that water temperature, set type and geographic location (latitude, longitude and distance to nesting beaches) are the most important predictor variables to describe the probability of a capture event, with the highest iCPUE observed in sets made over floating objects. With the environmental predictors used, sea surface temperatures (SST) of 26–30°C and chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) concentrations <0.36 mg m^?3 were associated with the highest probability of an incidental catch. Temporally, the highest probability of an incidental catch was observed in the second half of the year (June to December). Four regions were observed as high incidental catch hotspots: North and south of the equator between 0–10°N; 0–10°S and from 120 to 140°W; and along the Colombian coast and surrounding regions.     

玉米自交系株型和产量性状的关系及其利用研究

以15个自交系为材料,按P(P-1)/2双列杂交设计,研究了株型和产量性状的遗传与相关.结果表明,近年育成的自交系,一般配合力有一定的改进,产量性状的一般配合力有明显的提高,各性状的一般配合力在亲本间存在显著差异.产量的一般配合力与单株叶数和穗粗的一般配合力存在极显著正相关。     

基于小波变换的Wiener滤波算法去除苹果图像噪声

在小波变换的基础上，提出了一种基于小波变换的Wiener滤波去噪方法。采用该方法对苹果图像的加性噪声（高斯白噪声）去噪，结果PSNR为184．94，视觉效果清晰（而含噪声图像的PSNR为158．23，噪声太多不清晰）。好于邻域平均法（PSNR为174．15，视觉上含部分噪声）、中值滤波法（PSNR为182．4Z）、小波阔值去噪（PSNR为171．59，视觉上也含部分噪声）和Wiener滤波去噪法（PSNR为173．65）的去噪结果，更好于数学形态学的去噪结果（PSNR为150．46，视觉上含较多噪声）。试验结果表明，基于小波变换的Wiener滤波方法对苹果图像加性噪声的去噪效果具有信噪比高、视觉效果好等优点。     

抗热应激添加剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

应用抗热应激添加剂在夏季高温 ( 2 9.5℃以上 )条件下对 43 2羽 2 60日龄的新罗曼褐产蛋鸡群进行分组防制试验 ,结果显示 :抗热应激添加剂Ⅰ号能显著提高产蛋率 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,极显著增加平均每枚蛋重 (P <0 .0 1) ,极显著降低破蛋率 (P <0 .0 1)及平均料蛋比 ,可以认为是一种效果良好的添加剂     

Genetic analysis of resistance to spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia

Understanding the genetics of resistance to spot blotch disease, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem, is important to design an appropriate breeding strategy to improve the trait. The objective of this study was to determine the gene action and mode of inheritance of resistance to spot blotch in wheat. Eight genotypes with varying resistance to the disease were crossed in a full diallel mating design. Parents and their progenies were evaluated for spot blotch resistance. Data were analyzed using Hayman’s diallel analysis. The results suggested the importance of additive gene effects in controlling the resistance to spot blotch in the materials under study. No epistasis, maternal, or reciprocal effects were detected. Resistance to spot blotch exhibited partial dominance. Therefore, exercising selection for resistance in the early segregating generation should be an effective approach because of the predominance of additive gene effects. The Wr/Vr graph showed that the parents 30SAWSN5 (P3) and Coucal (P4) possessed more dominant genes, which makes them particularly suitable for inclusion in breeding for resistance to spot blotch.     

HACCP体系在冰淇淋预拌粉生产中的应用研究

[目的]为了确保冰淇淋预拌粉的安全性,将HACCP体系应用于冰淇淋预拌粉的生产中。[方法]分析了生产各环节中的潜在危害,确定了关键控制点、关键限值,制订了监测方法、纠偏措施、验证程序和记录;探讨了在冰淇淋预拌粉生产过程中通过引入HACCP卫生安全控制体系提高企业管理水平及产品卫生安全的优越性和可行性。[结果]在冰淇淋预拌粉生产中引入HACCP体系,使生产流程得以标准化、模块化,提高了产品质量、生产效率以及管理水平,同时也使得企业信誉得到有效提升,为产品的安全提供了可靠且有力的保障。[结论]将HACCP体系应用于冰淇淋预拌粉的生产中对于当前预拌粉生产企业具有一定的借鉴价值。     

JX生物调理剂饲喂肉猪试验

供试肉猪78头,随机分为三组,对照组(空白)、试验1组(新霉素115mg/kg、喹乙醇100mg/kg、阿散酸100mg/kg)、试验2组(JX调理剂0.2%),试验结果表明:第一阶段:试验1、2期末重,分别比对照组高1.34kg、1.07kg(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);第二阶段:试验1组期末重,比对照组高2.65kg(P>0.05),试验2组期未重比对照组高3.23kg(P<0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组料肉比均低于对照组,试验2组最低,比对照组降低0.2,饲料转化效率提高8.97%;试验2组比对照组每头猪多盈利48.8元,比试验1组多盈利10.28元;粪便中氮、磷含量试验2组明显下降,药物残留试验2组、对照组没有检出,试验1组猪肝阳性3个加、肉中阳性1个加。     

生物试验的二次回归正交试验的模糊处理

通过抗寒促生长剂对雏鸡生长，成活效果的试验，采用模糊处理方法，来探讨具有多项试验结果指标的二次回归正交试验设计的结果处理方法。     

外加剂混凝土耐久性的试验研究

本文针对掺加不同外加剂的混凝土的含气量、抗冻性能、抗压强度、抗折强度等方面的试验研究，提出掺入外加剂是提高水泥混凝土路面耐久性的必要措施。