藏猪耐粗饲特性及其生化机理研究

为研究藏猪的耐粗饲特性及其生化机理,本试验选择生长发育和营养状况正常的2月龄藏猪、长白猪各12头,随机分成两组即常规组和粗粮组,每组6头。常规组饲喂基础日粮,粗粮组饲喂由90%的基础饲粮和10%的菊苣混合而成的粗粮。结果表明,藏猪的日增重常规组与粗粮组间差异不显著(P>0.05),料重比常规组高于粗粮组(P<0.05)。长白猪日增重常规组高于粗粮组(P<0.05),料重比为常规组低于粗粮组间(P<0.05)。酶活测定结果表明,藏猪血清中CPK、LDH活性大部分月龄都低于长白猪,而AKP活性则均高于长白猪。同一猪种,粗粮组血清中CPK、LDH活性低于常规组,而APK活性高于常规组。可见,藏猪的耐粗饲特性与血清中CPK、LDH活性降低,而AKP活性升高有关。     

苜蓿、大豆皮与喷浆玉米皮对藏猪的营养价值评定

为降低藏猪养殖成本,对藏猪进行非常规饲料的开发,需要了解非常规饲料对藏猪的营养价值。本研究评定了三种非常规饲料（苜蓿、大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮）对藏猪的营养价值,选用平均体重35kg的健康生长期藏猪,采用单因素随机区组试验设计分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复2头猪。4个处理的猪分别饲喂基础饲粮,以及由20%待测饲料+80%基础饲粮组成的三种试验饲粮（苜蓿饲粮、大豆皮饲粮、喷浆玉米皮饲粮）。在基础饲粮中添加0.8%硅藻土,以盐酸不溶灰分作为指示剂,测定藏猪对几种饲粮的营养物质消化率,利用套算法,计算出苜蓿、大豆皮、喷浆玉米皮对藏猪的营养价值。试验结果表明本试验饲料原料中大豆皮粗纤维含量最高,为40.02%。喷浆玉米皮粗纤维含量最低,为10.78%。喷浆玉米皮无氮浸出物（55.33%）、粗蛋白质（18.37%）、17种氨基酸含量（14.25%）最高。藏猪对喷浆玉米皮中包括粗纤维在内的养分都能有着相对较高的吸收率（47.96%）,且藏猪对喷浆玉米皮中17种氨基酸表观消化率（60.04%）也与苜蓿（64.91%）差异不显著（P?0.05）。根据测定结果得出结论,在三种非常规饲料中,喷浆玉米皮...     

藏猪与大约克夏猪Mx1基因CDS区多态性及生物信息学分析

为了解藏猪与大约克夏猪Mx1基因编码序列(coding sequence, CDS)多态性,试验选择健康的成年(180日龄以上)大约克夏猪20头和藏猪30头为试验动物,采用PCR法扩增两个猪群的Mx1基因CDS区,测序分析其单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs),采用生物信息学方法分析Mx1基因CDS区编码蛋白质的理化性质、疏水性、磷酸化位点、二级结构、三级结构和与其他蛋白质的相互作用,分析SNPs位点对Mx1基因编码蛋白的上述指标的影响。结果表明：在藏猪Mx1基因CDS区存在C867G、A923C、A1241G和C1324A 4个SNP位点,在大约克夏猪中存在A1241G和C1324A 2个SNP位点;其中C867G、A923C和A1241G位点属于错义突变,分别使第289位由天冬氨酸变为谷氨酸,第308位由谷氨酸变为丙氨酸,第414位由赖氨酸变为精氨酸;C1324A为同义突变。Mx1基因CDS区共编码663个氨基酸,编码蛋白质呈酸性、亲水性,二级结构以α螺旋为主;共有55个磷酸化位点,其中有37个丝氨酸(Ser)磷酸化位点,13...     

藏猪与大约克夏猪GADD45A基因多态性与表达差异研究

为了探究GADD45A基因在猪肌肉生长中的作用,试验选择180日龄的藏猪和大约克夏猪各8头,采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定和分析两品种试验猪只背最长肌、腿肌和垂体组织中GADD45A基因的mRNA相对表达量;同时选择180日龄藏猪37头和大约克夏猪55头,PCR扩增两品种试验猪只GADD45A基因起始密码子上游3 000 bp左右的序列(5′侧翼区),通过混池测序分析序列的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs)位点,同时分析SNPs对GADD45A基因转录的影响。结果表明：在背最长肌和腿肌组织中,藏猪GADD45A基因的mRNA表达量均极显著高于大约克夏猪(P<0.01);在垂体组织中,藏猪GADD45A基因的mRNA表达量显著高于大约克夏猪(P<0.05)。GADD45A基因5′侧翼区存在G1 952A、C1 689T、G1 614T 3个突变位点,并且这3个突变位点在藏猪和大约克夏猪中均差异极显著(P<0.01),且均符合哈迪-温伯格定律(P>0.05);经转录因子预测,在C1 689T位点中,当C碱基突变...     

藏猪脾脏转移因子对小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

为了研究藏猪脾脏中转移因子(TF)的抗氧化作用,试验选择20只小鼠(雌雄各半),随机分为药物组和对照组(每组10只),药物组注射TF,对照组注射等量生理盐水,检测小鼠部分组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明,药物组小鼠脾脏SOD活性与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05),其他组织中SOD活性无显...     

猪MYL2基因多态性及其在肌肉组织中的差异表达

肌球蛋白轻链-2(myosin light chain 2,MYL2)是哺乳动物横纹肌中的一种主要肌小节蛋白,对动物正常生长发育起重要调控作用,为探究猪MYL2基因的多态性及其在横纹肌中mRNA表达规律,以藏猪(TP)和大约克猪(YY)作为试验动物,采用Sanger测序法对MYL2基因5′非翻译区(5′UTR)进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的筛选与基因分型,并预测分析MYL2基因SNPs位点突变前后转录因子功能特性;同时,采用RT-qPCR技术检测MYL2基因在30、90、180日龄时TP和YY的心肌和背最长肌组织中的mRNA相对表达量。结果显示,MYL2基因启动子区域存在2个SNPs且2个品种间基因频率差异极显著(P<0.01),产生4个新增转录因子结合位点,这些位点调控横纹肌的收缩、肌纤维类型的维持、肌肉细胞的增殖分化等过程;MYL2基因的mRNA水平随日龄增长而升高,且3个日龄TP心肌和背最长肌组织中的表达量均极显著高于YY(P<0.01)。综上表明,猪MYL2基因SNPs位点与心肌和背最长肌mRNA的差异表达相关,研究结果可为研究藏猪生长发育的分子调控机制提供一定的理...     

西藏林芝地区藏猪源大肠杆菌耐药表型及耐药基因检测

本文采集西藏林芝地区藏猪养殖场和散养藏猪腹泻物,采用细菌学方法分离鉴定藏猪源大肠杆菌后,检测抗菌药物的敏感性及耐药基因。结果显示:林芝地区藏猪源大肠杆菌分离菌株对各种抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性,其中对诺氟沙星、阿奇霉素、复方新诺明极敏感;对氯霉素、头孢唑林、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、头孢西丁高度敏感;呋喃妥因中度敏感;而对万古霉素、青霉素、红霉素耐药。并检测出P基因,其检出率为100%。根据实验结果,提出了科学用药措施,为西藏林芝地区藏猪养殖业的健康发展提供理论依据。     

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes from Tibetan Pigs

In order to understand the infection of Staphylococcus disease in healthy Tibetan pigs in Linzhi city,Tibet.232 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse in Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi city,Tibet,the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,and the slaughterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city.These samples were isolated,cultured and identified,and one isolated strain was systematically studied for biological characteristics.Epidemiological survey results showed that 73 of 232 samples were positive for Staphylococcus,the positive rate was 31.47%,16 positive samples were detected in the slaughterhouse of Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi,Tibet,with a detection rate of 23.89%(16/67),43 positive samples were detected in the pastures of the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 34.40% (43/125),14 positive samples were detected in the slanghterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 35.00% (14/40).Through PCR identification,gene sequencing and biochemical identification,5 strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes were isolated,and one of them (Sa LZ1) was studied systematically.The biological characteristics of the isolated strains showed that the Sa LZ1 strain formed round white convex colonies on the agar medium,with regular edges,smooth surfaces,and opaque white colonies.The isolates were Gram-positive cocci bacteria.PCR sequencing results showed that the isolate had the highest homology with Staphylococcus chromogenes (GenBank accession No.:MG576253.1),positive for serum inulin,manicol,glucose,saccharose,lactose,negative for arabinose,sodium hippurate,raffinose,xylose,urea,etc,consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes.The logarithmic growth period of isolated bacteria was 5 to 10 h.The pathogenicity test of mice showed that the mortality rate of mice reached 100% when the concentration of Sa LZ1 strain reached 3.5×10⁹ CFU/mL.And the results of pathological section showed that Sa LZ1 strain could cause the visceral tissue of mice to develop pathological changes.The above results provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus suis in Linzhi,Tibet.     

四川甘孜州藏猪保种现状及改进措施

介绍了藏猪的生活环境、生物性状,分析其保种情况和存在的问题,并提出改进措施,以为藏猪保种工作的开展提供指导。