旱作条件下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究

在旱作条件下,对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的3个品系(52-7、51-15、51-22)、受体亲本中花8号(ck1)和当地推广的以色列陆稻白珍珠(ck2)的籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较分析。结果表明:5个品种(系)的强、弱势粒灌浆过程均符合Richards模型,强、弱势粒灌浆为异步灌浆型。三个转BADH基因品系与其受体亲本相比,强、弱势粒的灌浆速率提高,活跃灌浆期延长,灌浆高峰期的籽粒重增加;籽粒灌浆中、后期,强势粒的灌浆天数缩短,强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率提高,且不同粒位籽粒灌浆速率差异减小,最终使不同粒位籽粒大小的差异缩小和粒重增加。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和灌浆高峰期的粒重与千粒重存在显著正相关。     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

Potential,constraints and applications of in vitro methods in improving grain legumes

Grain legumes, the important constituents of sustainability‐based cropping systems and energy‐limited vegetarian diets have long been the subject of scientific research. Tremendous technological strides were made in the so‐called orphan crops, in terms of both varietal improvement and generation of basic information. Despite recalcitrancy and high genotype dependency, in vitro culture techniques such as organogenesis, in vitro mutagenesis, embryo rescue and in vitro gene transfer have been deployed for improvement of several grain legumes and these played an important role in introgression of desirable genes from related and distant species and creation of additional genetic variability. Stable and reproducible regeneration protocols resulted in the development of genetically modified chickpea, pigeon pea, cowpea, mungbean, etc., while embryo rescue was deployed successfully for recovery of interspecific recombinants, a few of them exploited for the development of commercial cultivars. Nevertheless, doubled haploidy witnessed limited success and protoplast regeneration and in vitro mutagenesis remained of academic interest. The present review focuses on the progress, achievements, constraints and perspectives of using in vitro technology in grain legume improvement.     

转兔角蛋白基因改良棉纤维品质研究

通过花粉管通道转基因技术,将E6启动子驱动的兔角蛋白基因导入高产棉花品种苏棉16号。所用转基因表达载体还含有选择标记基因NPTⅡ(卡那霉素抗性基因)及Gus报告基因。对转化体后代的检测结果表明,T1代有2.1%呈现Gus阳性,在Gus阳性株中84.6%具有卡那霉素抗性。用依据E6启动子序列和兔角蛋白基因序列设计的两对引物,对经过上述筛选的植株进行PCR检测,多次重复,最终确定3株结果稳定的转兔角蛋白基因棉株。从品质分析结果看,这3个株系成熟棉纤维的品质部分得到改良,尤其比强度有较大幅度提高,与转基因受体相比平均提高6.3cN·tex 1。     

沙冬青AmCSDP基因特性及转基因烟草的抗寒性分析

冷休克结构域蛋白(CSPs)是含有不同数量冷休克结构域(cold shock domain,CSD)的低温响应蛋白,在低温胁迫中发挥重要作用。以沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为材料,克隆得到了冷休克结构域蛋白基因AmCSDP。生物信息学分析显示AmCSDP(Gen Bank登录号:KX756575)全长540bp,编码180个氨基酸,二级结构由8.9%的α–螺旋、47.8%的β–折叠和43.3%的无规则卷曲组成,其N端含有冷休克结构域。进化分析表明沙冬青与花生同源性最高。构建了AmCSDP真核表达载体Pcambia2300-35S-AmCSDP-OCS,经农杆菌介导转入本氏烟中。对转基因T1代和野生型烟草进行4℃低温胁迫处理,结果证实转基因本氏烟比野生型的耐冷能力强。     

农杆菌介导的几个甘蓝型油菜下胚轴转化体系研究

选择四川目前推广的中双9号等8个甘蓝型双低常规油菜品种,以5~6 d无菌苗下胚轴为外植体,MS培养基为基本培养基,设置了8组激素配比组合,探讨其对植株再生的影响,初步建立了不同油菜品种下胚轴的高效再生体系。选择其中再生频率较高的4个品种:中双9号、中双7号,中双6号,川油18号下胚轴作为农杆菌转化材料,对影响转化的相关因素进行研究,建立了4个品种下胚轴的遗传转化体系,并运用该转化体系将pta与sb401融合基因导入,成功获取了一批经PCR检测的转基因植株。     

小麦甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在烟草中的转化及表达

利用农杆菌介导法将小麦甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(BADH)导入了烟草(Nicotiana tobaccum L.)NC89品种,该基因由35S启动子控制,PCR和PCR-Southern证明外源BADH已导入烟草基因组,平均转化频率80%;低温处理后转基因植株中BADH活性差异较大,最高的达到4.8 nmol·mg-1 protein·min-1,而在有些转基因植株中没有检测到BADH活性.     

转基因杂交稻主要经济性状的配合力分析

选用4个转抗真菌蛋白基因恢复系及2个非转化对照与5个不育系,按5×6NCⅡ交配设计对转基因杂交稻组合12个农艺和品质性状的配合力进行研究．结果表明：①株高、穗长、有效穗数、单株粒重和垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度等性状以加性效应占主导作用,结实率、整精米率和糊化温度等性状则以非加性效应为主．②转基因恢复系不同性状间及与非转化对照同一性状间的一般配合力都存在差异,E32的转基因后代主要农艺性状一般配合力变差,而主要品质性状一般配合力变好,七丝软占的转基因后代则表现相反．③亲本中以转基因恢复系EF38和不育系310S的一般配合力的表现为优,转基因组合中则以培矮64S/EF84、珍汕97A/EF29的多数性状特殊配合力表现最好．     

农杆菌介导Cry1 Ab/Ac抗虫转基因玉米植株的获得

转基因技术的迅速发展有效地打破了物种间的遗传壁垒,从而加快了优良基因定向聚合的进程,然而遗传转化率低及转基因安全问题成为制约其进一步发展的限制因素。基于此,本研究以玉米自交系H99为材料,将Ac/Ds双元表达载体(包含抗虫Cry1 Ab/Ac基因和gfp报告基因等)通过农杆菌介导法转入由110粒玉米幼胚诱导出的愈伤组织中,获得28株抗性转基因植株。经PCR及RT-PCR的验证结果显示,其中8株为含有Cry1 Ab/Ac目的基因且该基因有效表达的阳性植株,转化效率达7%。通过农杆菌介导法所获得的玉米转基因植株为今后剔除抗生素筛选标记,从而获得安全的玉米抗虫新种质提供了遗传材料。     

基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒在水稻中的重组结构

应用Southern杂交和引物组合PCR技术研究了基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒（包括启动子、编码区和终止子）在水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中的重组结构。bar基因表达盒的多个拷贝通过重组连接形成1～3个转基因串联子,彼此邻近整合在受体基因组内一个较大的染色体区域,不同转基因串联子之间由水稻基因组DNA间隔,形成转基因簇。bar基因表达盒形成转基因串联子时,存在头接头、头接尾、尾接尾3种连接方式,通常伴随着bar基因片段的截短。