The rates of maize growth and lignin biosynthesis change after root-applied chalcone

The effects of root-applied chalcone at 0.15 mmol L⁻¹ on the growth and lignin biosynthesis in maize were investigated. The contents of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12) substrates in maize shoots were increased more rapidly in the samples with chalcone application than in the control and the increase occurred at ≤ 3 h after the application (HAA). The lignin content was reduced by chalcone at ≤ 6 HAA. The shoot growth was suppressed by chalcone at ≤ 9 HAA. Consequently, the results suggest that chalcone suppressed maize growth by inhibiting monolignol biosynthesis.     

玉米与小麦秸秆无土栽培基质的理化性状分析

将1～5cm的玉米与小麦秸秆,按质量添加15％鸡粪与1％尿素,堆制90d后风干,测定其理化性状。结果表明：两种秸秆单独作为栽培基质时存在物理性状的缺陷,体积质量偏小,大小孔隙比偏大;玉米秸秆基质pH值偏高,而小麦秸秆基质电导率（EC）偏大,两种秸秆混合后基质的pH值与EC在基质适宜指标的上限;秸秆基质的营养元素丰富,以全氮、钾和钙含量较高,两种秸秆基质间各种营养元素含量差异较小。但混合后基质的全氮、全磷、全钾及速效磷、速效钾含量均显著高于草炭;秸秆基质的砷、汞、铅与铜含量均在绿色食品生产要求范围内,镉的含量符合无公害蔬菜生产的要求。因此,合成无土栽培基质是农作物秸秆资源化利用的一条有效途径。     

不同基质对闭鞘姜生长发育和光合作用的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究不同配比的红壤、泥炭、椰糠和珍珠岩6种基质配方对闭鞘姜生长的影响。测定6种基质的物理和化学性质,观测萌芽率、叶片数、茎粗、株高、株幅、光合日变化、根茎鲜重和根茎干重。结果显示,基质S4（泥炭+椰糠+珍珠岩=1∶2∶2）的植株净光合速率（P_n）显著高于其他基质处理。在6种基质生长的植株叶片净光合速率曲线呈单峰或双峰变化,而蒸腾速率曲线呈单峰变化。最大株高、最大根茎鲜重和根茎干重也出现在基质S4种植的植株。从以上结果可知,基质S4比较适合闭鞘姜的生长和根状茎干物质积累。     

不同基质对黄瓜长势、产量及果实品质的影响

为筛选出适宜春大棚黄瓜槽式栽培的基质,以黄瓜“北农佳秀”为试材,选用蘑菇棒、牛羊粪、草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石等5种基质材料,研究了不同基质配比对黄瓜生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明：基质为蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比为2∶1∶3∶1∶1时,黄瓜植株长势较强,667 m2产量、单方水产出和667 m2收益均最高,分别为12 947、61.9 kg和9 565元,且果实品质较好。在春大棚中,蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比2∶1∶3∶1∶1是黄瓜槽式基质节水栽培适宜的基质配比。     

辣椒有机生态型无土栽培本土化集成技术研究

进行了双孢菇残料有机-无机复合基质配方和低成本栽培槽的筛选,并研究了辣椒有机生态型无土栽培管理技术。试验结果表明,以双孢菇栽培残料等为原料的最佳基质配方为双孢菇渣∶羊粪∶炉渣∶细河沙=15∶6∶8∶6(体积比);地下式栽培槽成本低廉、建造简单,667 m2建造成本为3 618元,较地上式和半地下式栽培槽节约成本4 254元和1 418元;其栽培管理采用节水灌溉、长效施肥,全生育期用水79.7 m3/667 m2,比土壤栽培节水62.8%,施肥成本比营养液降低68.4%。     

不同生长期菌草灵芝培养基成分测定与分析

对不同生长期（接种前、出芝前、出芝后、发酵后）菌草灵芝培养基的常规营养成分及Ca、P含量进行了测定与分析,并且对出芝菌糟的粗多糖、氨基酸和重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明,灵芝菌糟营养成分含量丰富,富舍粗多糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、矿质元素、氨基酸等营养成分。重金属含量在饲料卫生标准规定的范围内,且远低于有机肥料的标准。饲用价值大小排序为发酵菌糟〉出芝菌糟〉未出芝培养料〉培养基质。菌草灵芝菌糟在用作饲料及饲料添加剂、肥料、无土栽培基质等方面具有很大的开发潜力。     

番茄穴盘育苗基质特性及育苗效果研究

为了筛选出适宜北京地区春茬番茄的穴盘育苗基质,并明确其物理和化学性质,以提高育苗基质的标准化,推动育苗技术精准控制的标准化进程,选取了北京地区各大育苗场常用的3种商品基质和6种以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为主要原料复配的自配基质,用于番茄穴盘集约化育苗,分析育苗基质的理化性质及育苗效果。结果表明:A3处理(北京绿穑生物商品基质)番茄幼苗茎粗最大,较CK(草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比为3∶1∶1)增加13.1%,根冠比和壮苗指数也均最大,分别为0.132和0.069,A5处理(草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比按3∶1∶1混合,每穴添加1 g基质伴侣)仅次于A3处理,两处理春季育苗效果好,建议进行推广应用。     

Gastral Drumming in Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Vibrational Communication at Night Suggests Additional Roles in Colony Organization

Gastral drumming (GD) is a type of vibrational communication that has been reported in several species of yellowjackets and hornets. Despite early claims that it acts as a hunger signal, a more recent study found evidence that it acts as a nest-based food-recruitment signal, the first reported for eusocial wasps. Early studies also claimed, without supporting data, that it is produced most often in the early morning hours when the sun rises. Here, I recorded drumming continuously in colonies of Vespula germanica (Fabricius) to assess whether production was highest in the morning. Although I found no evidence in support of greater early morning production, I found, surprisingly, that it is produced at night, a time when foraging does not occur. When these results are combined with the results from previous studies on this species and similar findings in honey bees, they suggest that GD may be a modulatory signal, which acts by increasing general activity levels and by increasing the rate that individuals come into contact with social cues.     

不同育苗基质下咖啡种间嫁接苗生长及光合特性

以大粒种咖啡(Caffea liberica)1号为砧木、中粒种咖啡(Caffea canephora)热研1号高产无性系为接穗形成种间嫁接苗,以棕榈叶+表土、棕榈叶+椰糠和椰糠+表土不同比例配置基质,比较不同处理下嫁接苗的根系形态、光合特性、生物量及苗木质量指数,筛选适宜育苗基质.结果表明:以棕榈叶+表土体积比1:0...