迷迭香的药效及在兽医临床的应用

迷迭香为唇形科植物,喜温,原产地中海沿岸,广泛用于医药、油炸食品及各类油脂的保鲜。研究表明,迷迭香具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌、护肝等药效作用,在兽医临床可能有广泛的应用前景。通过查阅国内外有关文献资料,综述了迷迭香药效和兽医临床应用的进展,为迷迭香的进一步研究提供参考。     

迷迭香抗氧化剂在食用油脂中的应用

采用国家标准测定方法,将不同抗氧化剂添加量、不同混合温度与不同种类抗氧化剂对花生油过氧化值的影响进行了比较.结果表明,在花生油中添加0.03%迷迭香抗氧化剂时,抗氧化效果较好,在150℃时还具有抗氧化性能;其抗氧化性强弱顺序为:迷迭香＞PG(没食子酸丙酯)＞BHA(丁基羟基苯甲醚).     

迷迭香扦插繁殖技术研究

选择3种生根剂处理迷迭香插条,采用露地和搭建拱棚两种方法进行扦插试验,结果表明：3种生根试剂处理的迷迭香插条成活率显著高于对照,ABT处理插条成活率92.3%,NAA处理插条成活率93.7%;搭建拱棚扦插有利于插条生长。     

迷迭香挥发油提取工艺优化及其化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取迷迭香(Rosmarinus officindis L.)挥发油,运用正交设计优化提取工艺.结果表明,迷迭香挥发油最佳提取工艺条件为迷迭香剪成1 cm长的小段、料水质量比1∶15、浸泡时间3h、提取时间4h,此条件下挥发油的得率为1.870％.运用GC-MS技术分析并比较了迷迭香鲜样和干样挥发油的化学成分,结果表明二者化学成分基本相同,药材阴干后挥发油品质没有受到明显影响.     

生长素对迷迭香插条生根影响研究初报

用IBA、2,4-D、ABT等3种生长素的不同质量水平对迷迭香当年生枝条分别进行绿枝和顶芽扦插,于沙床上全光照喷雾管理。用SPSS统计软件10．0对试验数据进行分析。结果表明3种生长素对迷迭香生根和成活有促进和提高作用。不同生长素的有效质量范围和作用效果存在差异。其中2,4-D表现最优,有效质量水平为1．0～2．0mg／L,质量水平越低,生根效果越好;其次为IBA,有效质量水平0．5～1．0mg／L,质量水平越高,生根能力越强;ABT最弱。     

Effects of dietary rosemary extract supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant capacity,intestinal morphology,and microbiota of weaning pigs

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) has multiple pharmacological and biological activities, including the use as a food additive and medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary RE supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of weaning piglets. A total of 192 crossbred weaned piglets [Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)] (initial body weight = 6.65 ± 0.33 kg, weaned days = 23 ± 1 d) were group housed (six pigs per pen; n = 8 pens/treatment). Pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal-based control diet or the basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg RE. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to fed for 21 d. The growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and intestinal morphology and antioxidant status were evaluated. The components of the microbial microflora were also determined in the cecal samples. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with RE increased the final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake (linear, P = 0.038, 0.016, and 0.009, respectively), and decreased the diarrhea ratio in piglets (linear, P < 0.05). The digestibility of crude protein (linear, P = 0.034) and gross energy (linear, P = 0.046) increased with treatment with RE. Piglets fed RE showed longer villus height (linear, P = 0.037 and 0.028, respectively) and villus height/crypt depth (linear, P = 0.004 and 0.012; quadratic, P = 0.023 and 0.036, respectively) in the jejunum and ileum, in addition to a lesser crypt depth in the jejunum (linear, P = 0.019) and ileum (quadratic, P = 0.042). The addition of RE increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (linear, P = 0.035 and 0.008, respectively) and glutathione peroxidase activity (linear, P = 0.027 and 0.039, respectively) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (linear, P = 0.041 and 0.013; quadratic, P = 0.023 and 0.005, respectively) in the serum and liver. Dietary RE supplementation, compared with the control, increased the number of Bifidobacterium (linear, P = 0.034) and Bacteroidetes (linear, P = 0.029), while decreased Escherichia coli (linear, P = 0.008; quadratic, P = 0.014) in the cecal contents. Thus, dietary RE supplementation can improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and the microbiota in weaned piglets, and 200 mg/kg may be considered the optimum dosage.     

Influence of organic mulching and nitrogen application on essential oil yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

In a field study conducted at Bangalore, India for two years (2003–2004 and 2004–2005), eight treatment combinations consisting of two variables, organic mulch (lemongrass spent material as mulch at 7.5 t ha^?1 and no mulch) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha^?1) were examined to observe the effect of organic mulching on nitrogen use-efficiency, and herb and essential oil yield in a multiharvested rosemary crop. The results revealed that application of lemongrass spent material as mulch increased the herb and essential oil yields in rosemary by 16.2 and 24.2%, respectively, over the non-mulched control at first harvest. Corresponding values for the regenerated crop harvest were 18.8 and 16.8%. A significant response to N was observed with 300 kg N ha^?1 in non-mulched plots compared with 200 kg N ha^?1 in mulched plots. Using lemongrass spent material as mulch, nitrogen uptake by the rosemary crop increased by 15.1% over the non-mulched control. At 200 kg N ha^?1, apparent recoveries by the crop were estimated to be 33.64% for the non-mulched control, and 37.79% with mulch. The quality of the rosemary essential oil, in terms of the concentrations of its major constituents, α-pinene, 1 : 8 cineole, camphor and verbenone, was not affected by the use of organic mulching and nitrogen fertilization, and these constituents were found to be of astandard acceptable in international trade.     

迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取技术研究(Ⅰ)——两步提取法

极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的两步提取法是迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取的有效方法,操作简单,容易实施。迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油两步综合提取的合理条件为:粉碎的迷迭香叶子,极性溶剂95%乙醇,90℃提取3~4 h,提取物再经非极性溶剂60~90℃石油醚提取。迷迭香精油的提取得率为1.50%,其成分分析显示为西班牙型;迷迭香抗氧化剂的提取得率为16.08%,活性炭脱色精制得率为85.00%,迷迭香抗氧化剂主要含有鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸等活性成分,它们的平均含量分别为17.78%、6.23%和3.37%。     

迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取技术研究(Ⅲ)——超临界CO2萃取法

超临界CO2萃取(SCDE)法是迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取的有效方法之一.迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油超临界CO2萃取的优选条件为:萃取时间 4 h,夹带剂 95% 乙醇与迷迭香叶子的质量比为2∶5,萃取罐和分离器I的温度分别为50和 70 ℃,分离器II的温度为 40 ℃,萃取压力 20 MPa,分离压力为4～5 MPa.迷迭香精油的平均得率为 1.80%,迷迭香精油主要含有1,8 - 桉叶素、樟脑、α - 松油醇、龙脑、马鞭草烯酮、 4 - 松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯和芳樟醇等成分.迷迭香抗氧化剂的平均得率为 11.93%,主要含有鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸等活性成分,其质量分数分别为 23.61%、 7.33% 和 5.13%.     

不同浓度IBA及基质对迷迭香扦插生根影响

用50 mg/L IBA、100 mg/L IBA、300 mg/L IBA浸泡迷迭香嫩枝插穗、半木质化插穗、完全木质化插穗30min后,扦插在沙子及混合基质中,均促进生根,成活率83%～100%,其中100mg/L IBA促进迷迭香插穗在沙子里及混合基质里生根效果最好,不同部位枝条插穗生根总体效果:半木质化枝条>嫩枝>完全木质化枝条。