家蚕血液、消化液中酸性核糖核酸酶和天冬酰胺酶活性的初步研究

测定了家蚕夏芳、长灰A和大造各品种血液、消化液中酸性核糖核酸酶及家蚕秋白、夏芳、长灰A和大造各品种天冬酰胺酶性变化。结果表明：各品种血液、消化液中酸性核糖核酸酶、天冬酰胺酶活性变化随发育呈现较强的规律性，血液中，4龄第3d、5龄第3d这两种酶均出现峰值，4龄眠前活性较低，消化液中，5龄第3d这两种酶活性均较高，不同品种这两种酶活性峰值出现时间有差异；各品种血液中酸性核糖核酸酶、天冬酰胺酶性均明显高于相应品种消化液中这两种酶活性；各品种之间血液、消化液中这两种酶活性有明显差异。     

Adaptive evolutionary expansion of the ribonuclease 6 in Rodentia

Ribonuclease 6 (RNase6 or RNase K6) is a protein that belongs to a superfamily thought to be the sole verte‐brate‐specific enzyme known for a wide range of physiological functions, including digestion, cytotoxicity, angiogenesis, male reproduction and host defense. In our study, 51 functional genes and 11 pseudogenes were identified from 27 Rodentia species. Intriguingly, in the 3 main lineages of rodents there were multiple RNase6s identified in all species of Ctenohystrica, whereas only a single RNase6 was observed in other Rodentia species examined except for 2 species in the mouse‐related clade. The evolutionary scenario of “birth (gene duplication) and death (gene deactivation)” and gene sorting have been demonstrated in Ctenohystrica. In addition, bursts of positive selection, diversification of isoelectric point and positive net charge have been identified in Ctenohystrica, especially at two key sites that are involved in antimicrobial function. Site Trp30 has undergone positive selection and Ile45 has changed into other residues in Group B and Group C of the Ctenohystrica. Our results demonstrated a complex and intriguing evolutionary pattern of rodent RNase6, and indicated that functional modification may have occurred, which establishes an important theoretical foundation for future functional assays in rodent RNase6.     

Correlation of stylar ribonuclease isoenzymes with incompatibility alleles in apple

Fifty-six cultivars of apple were analysed for stylar ribonucleases; proteins were extracted from styles, separated by non-equilibrium pH gel electrofocusing and stained for activity. Excellent correlation was found between the ribonuclease bands revealed and the 11 known incompatibility, S, alleles, in 14 diploid cultivars genotyped in the classic work of Kobel by monitoring pollen tube growth after test crossing, and in 20 cultivars genotyped, at least partially, by more recent DNA methods. For 12 triploid cultivars studied by Kobel, the correlation was good but not perfect. Two apparent minor electrophoretic variants for S10 were noted and, to distinguish them from each other and also from the electrophoretically similar S3, isoelectric focusing was used. Ten cultivars were genotyped for the first time. In all, 14 ribonuclease bands that may correspond to the ‘new’ S alleles, S12 to S 25, were detected but these alleles should be regarded as provisional until confirmed by pollination tests, especially when the electrophoretic differences were only slight. Analysis of stylar ribonucleases is a convenient method of predicting S alleles in flowering material and thereby investigating incompatibility relationships. The polymorphism of the S locus makes it useful for checking the identity and parentage of cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

4PU－30延缓杂交水稻叶片衰老的生理基础

以汕优63连体和离体叶片为材料,研究了4PU-30对水稻叶片衰老进程及叶片内蛋白质、核酸含量和相关酶活力的调控效应。4PU-30能显著地延缓水稻叶片衰老,保绿效果明显。叶片中蛋白质和核酸含量及相关酶活力的变化表明,4PU-30控制叶片衰老过程中蛋白质水解酶和核糖核酸酶比活上升,减缓蛋白质和核酸的降解,是其延缓杂交水稻叶片衰老的主要生理基础之一。     

Correlation of ribonuclease zymograms and incompatibility genotypes in almond

Proteins were extracted from styles of 29 self-incompatible cultivars of almond and separated using non-equilibrium pH gradient electro-focusing, and the gels were stained for ribonuclease activity. Mutually incompatible cultivars had similar banding patterns and, for the 24 cultivars already genotyped in France or California, the bands correlated well with the reported alleles. The band corresponding to S₁ of the French labelling system was indistinguishable from that corresponding to S_b of the Californian labelling system, and a controlled cross confirmed that these alleles are identical. The band corresponding to the Californian S_a was distinct from the bands corresponding to French alleles and, to harmonise the allele labels, it was redesignated S₅. The genotypes of five uncharacterised self-incompatible cultivars were inferred from zymograms as follows: ‘Desmayo Largueta’ and ‘Glorieta’, S₁S₅, ‘Masbovera’, S₁S₉, ‘Tarragones’, S₂S₉, and ‘Tokyo’, S₆S₇. The alleles designated S₆ and S₉ have not previously been reported. Nine self-compatible cultivars or selections were analysed, and each showed a band corresponding to an incompatibility allele as well as a common band; however, the correspondence of this common band to S_f, the allele for self-compatibility, is unproven. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of stylar ribonucleases in cherry progenies, and reassignment of incompatibility alleles to two incompatibility groups

Stylar proteins were extracted from parents and seedlings of six progenies of cherry (Prunus avium), separated using isoelectric focusing, and the gels stained for ribonuclease activity. The zymogram of each plant showed two main ribonuclease bands in the region pI 8.3 to 9.6. Progenies from crosses of parents with one band in common segregated into just two classes, whereas progenies from crosses of parents with no common bands segregated into four classes, the two types of segregation corresponding to those expected from semi-compatible and fully-compatible crosses respectively. This behaviour was consistent either with the ribonuclease locus being tightly linked with the self-incompatibility, S, locus, or else with the S locus coding for the ribonuclease variants. Evidence favouring the latter hypothesis is discussed. An apparently anomalous segregation led us to assign to ‘Bradbourne Black’ a genotype different from that previously reported, and analysis of some other cultivars in the same incompatibility group, Group VII, led us to conclude the genotype of this group is S₃S₅, and not S₄S₅ as previously reported. Correspondingly, we suggest the genotype of Group V is S₄S₅, and not S₃S₅. Five new S alleles, S₇, S₈, S₉, S₁₀ and S₁₁ were proposed in parental cultivars and selections that had not previously been assigned a genotype. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genotyping apricot cultivars for self-(in)compatibility by means of RNases associated with S alleles

In previous work the existence of proteins with RNase activity associated with S alleles in apricot was demonstrated. These proteins were inherited as described previously for the inheritance of self‐compatibility in this species. In this study, new cultivars have been genotyped for self‐compatibility using this method and it has been demonstrated that in all self‐compatible cultivars examined, the self‐compatibility allele is the same and is associated with an RNase with high activity. Homozygous self‐compatible individuals have been detected among established cultivars as well as among seedlings following breeding activity. This germplasm is of great value within the breeding programme because only self‐compatible seedlings will be produced. The number of S alleles in apricot appears to be low and only eight different alleles have been found in the large number of different cultivars screened. Furthermore, there are alleles present in the Spanish population that are also found in the genetic pool of North American cultivars. The screening of a progeny from the cross between the American cultivar ‘Goldrich’ and the Spanish cultivar ‘Pepito’ demonstrated the existence of the common allele S₂ (detected previously by examining RNases), which was confirmed by the segregation of self‐compatibility in the progeny.     

离体花生子叶分化的生理生化变化

高浓度的Na2S2O3(1.6g./l培养基）对离体花生子叶的分化及延缓衰老起着关键作用，光周期与子叶的分化没有关系，子叶在分化过程中，叶绿素形成并不断增多，过氧化物酶活性逐渐增高，其活性高低与子叶的分化率呈相关趋势；核糖该酸酶活性的变化与子叶的分化程度有关。     

黄芪中一种新的PR-10蛋白的纯化和性质

为了进一步研究蒙古黄芪(Astragalus mongholicusBunge)中的蛋白质及其功能,通过金属离子螯合层析、离子交换层析和凝胶过滤得到一种新蛋白(AmPR-10),并对其部分性质进行了研究。AmPR-10在SDS-PAGE上的分子质量为17.2 ku,凝胶过滤层析测得分子质量为32.6 ku,说明其为同源二聚体。糖蛋白染色显示为糖蛋白,总糖含量为13.7%,离子交换色谱法分析其中含有73%阿拉伯糖、15%葡萄糖、微量的果糖和一种未知糖;N-端序列分析结果显示其与病程相关蛋白家族PR-10中黄羽扇豆L1PR-10.1C同源性高达80%。同时,AmPR-10具有核糖核酸酶活性,纯AmPR-10的核糖核酸酶比活性为74.11 U/mg,这点与一些PR-10蛋白类似。