Characterization of humus-protease complexes extracted from soil

Pyrophosphate (140 mM, pH 7.1) extracts of two arable soils and one pasture soil were ultrafiltrated separating the extracted material into three fractions: A_I with nominal molecular weight (nmw) > 100 kD, A_II with nmw between 10 kD and 100 kD and R with nmw < 10 kD. Protease activity was determined in the fractions by using three different substrates: N-benzoyl-l-argininamide (BAA), specific for trypsin; N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-l-phenylalanyl l-leucine (ZPL), specific for carboxypeptidases; and casein, essentially a non-specific substrate. The derivative fractions were also analysed for their amino acid N and humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acid contents. The organic matter of extracts and derivative fractions obtained from the pasture soil was analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and that of fractions analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py-GC). Activities of the extract were monitored for their thermal stability and those of the extract and derivative fractions for their optimal pH.Due to the mechanical disintegrating action of sodium pyrophosphate over the humic substances during the fractionation process the amount of total organic C and FA in the fractions was ranked as R > A_II > A_I. The lowest amino acid N/organic C was found in the R fraction, whereas A_II fraction was rich in humic acids, carbohydrates and amino acid N and A_I fraction showed the lowest carbohydrate content. At least 70% of the total BAA- and ZPL-hydrolysing activity was associated to particles with nmw higher than 10 kD and at least 30% of these activities were present in particles with nmw higher 100 kD. Casein-hydrolysing activity was quite evenly distributed among the three fractions (A_I, A_II and R). The extracted protease-organic complexes were resistant to thermal denaturation and some of them showed optimal activity at pH values higher than 10 as a result of the polyanionic characteristics of the humic material surrounding enzyme molecules and of the presence of alkaline protease. Comparison of data obtained in Py-GC analyses and in protease activity suggests that BAA-hydrolysing activity was associated to a highly condensed humic matter and ZPL-hydrolysing activity to less resistant humic substances, while at least some of the extracted casein-hydrolysing activity was present as glyco-proteins not associated to humus. BAA-hydrolysing activity was probably inhibited by fresh organic matter of carbohydrate origin whereas lignin derived organic matter probably inhibited ZPL- and casein-hydrolysing activity.     

土壤有机矿质复合体的表面电荷特性及对锌的吸附

供试土样为中国的棕壤、红壤和赤红壤及巴基斯坦的ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａｓｅｒｉｅｓ和ｋｏｔｌｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ．与Ｈ－粘粒比，Ｈ－粘粒复合体有较多的净负电荷和较少的正电荷。在红壤和赤红壤中，Ｈ－粘粒复合体的表面积比Ｈ－粘粒大，但在棕壤，ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａｓｅｒｉｅｓ和ｋｏｔｌｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ中则相反。在ｐＨ近７．０时，因有机质而使负电荷百分数增加的次序为赤红壤＞红壤＞ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａｓｅｒｉｅｓ＞ｋｏｔｌｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ＞棕壤。当ｐＨ＜７时有机质可以提高赤红壤、红壤和ｋｏｔｌｉｓｅｒｉｅｓ对锌的吸附，在各种锌浓度下，有机质均能提高棕壤和ｇｕｊｒａｎｗａｌａｓｅｒｉｅｓ对锌的吸附。与Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ和Ｔｅｍｋｉｎ方程比较，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ方程最适合描述Ｈ－粘粒复合体对锌的吸附行为，但Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程最适合于自然粘粒复合体。     

磨木木质素在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中的降解及与木糖的缩合

在木糖存在的条件下,采用硫酸盐法蒸煮对蓝花楹磨木木质素(MWL)进行处理,然后对处理后的产物进行红外光谱和13 CNMR分析,研究蓝花楹MWL的结构变化,探讨在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中木质素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC)的形成情况.研究发现:蓝花楹MWL结构单元之间的α-烷基芳基醚键、β-O-4型连接键很容易发生断裂,而在这些连接键发生断裂的同时,形成的木质素中间体与木糖通过化学键的结合,形成新的LCC结构.这种新形成的LCC结构主要是由β-O-4型木质素结构和5-5′缩合型木质素结构与木糖形成的以苯甲醚键连接的LCC,这种新形成的LCC结构对碱非常稳定.     

白藜芦醇-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的制备及鉴定

采用冷冻干燥法制备白藜芦醇-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物。采用正交试验以包合率为指标筛选最佳工艺条件:白藜芦醇∶羟丙基-β-环糊精为1∶2(物质的量的比),包合温度为20℃,包合时间为60 min。以红外光谱、紫外光谱方法对包合物进行鉴定,初步证明包合物已形成。通过测定包合率的大小证明羟丙基-β-环糊精包合白藜芦醇效果较好。     

壳聚糖/羧甲基纤维素钠负载苦瓜小分子多肽复合物的制备及其复合效果的表征

以壳聚糖盐酸盐（CSC）和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）为壁材,采用离子凝胶法制备苦瓜小分子多肽复合物,并对其制备工艺和特性进行研究。结果显示,复合物的最佳制备工艺为CSC浓度5.35 mg·mL^-1,CMC浓度1.60 mg·mL^-1,包埋时间33.10 min,此时包埋率可达到69.98%。红外光谱和X-射线衍射分析结果表明,芯材和壁材产生了离子交联作用,苦瓜小分子多肽被成功包埋在CSC/CMC复合壁材中。扫描电镜显示复合物表面疏松多孔,呈不规则形状。所制得的复合物在胃肠液中具有较好缓释特性,在室温下贮藏30 d后仍具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力。     

二次磺化法制备高磺化度线型聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)共聚物

以吡啶为溶剂溶解聚（苯乙烯-丙烯酸）共聚物,发烟硫酸为磺化试剂对其进行初步磺化,制得低磺化度聚（苯乙烯-丙烯酸）共聚物,再在浓硫酸中以硫酸银为催化剂,对低磺化度共聚物进行二次磺化,制备了高磺化度聚（苯乙烯-丙烯酸）共聚物．滴定分析表明磺化度在80％以上．     

[Fe(CH3bipy)(NCS)2]2bpym及其相关配合物光电性质的理论研究

以密度泛函和含时密度泛函为理论基础,通过Gaussion03程序,应用密度泛函中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)基组下,对[Fe(CH3bipy)(NCS)2]2bpym及其相关配合物的电子结构、光谱性质进行了系统的量子化学理论研究,比较了配合物的几何构型、红外光谱和前线分子轨道。该研究可以对有关铁为中心金属离子的具有较好发光性质的配合物的开发与利用有一定的促进作用。     

锡林郭勒盟不同草原地带湖泊环境变化规律研究

利用锡林郭勒草原2006年TM遥感影像数据,结合野外调查,在ArcGIS软件的支持下,将研究区面积大于5km2的湖泊-湿地复合体划分为湖泊、沼泽水体、裸地、裸滩与盐化地、湖滩湿地、典型湿地、地带性草原7种土地利用/覆盖类型,揭示不同草原地带湖泊-湿地复合体的结构变化规律。结果表明：在整个锡林郭勒草原范围内,湖泊相对集中...     

补铁剂及多肽铁复合物的研究进展

缺铁性贫血作为贫血中最常见的一种,越来越受到人们的关注。随着营养与健康需求的变化和安全意识的 增强,人们致力于补铁效果好、吸收好、副作用小、安全性更高的口服补铁剂的研发。本文对补铁剂的发展和相关 研究进行综述,概述新型补铁剂的研究进展,全面阐述多肽铁复合物蛋白琥珀酸铁的原料来源、结构、机理、制 备、应用、消化吸收机制,对多肽铁复合物和蛋白琥珀酸铁的发展前景进行展望,以期对补铁剂的研究与发展提供 理论依据。