脑灵素胶囊对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

通过小鼠自主活动、戊巴比妥钠阈剂量及阈下剂量催眠作用及电刺激强直性惊厥反应,观察脑灵素胶囊对中枢神经系统的影响。结果表明,脑灵素胶囊能明显减少小鼠自主活动次数,可协同戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量的催眠作用,缩短戊阈剂量巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡时间,并延长睡眠持续时间,但对小鼠电刺激强直性惊厥无明显影响。     

3种麻醉药对家兔麻醉效果的观察

将25只家兔随机分成5组,每组5只,各组分别为耳缘静脉注射生理盐水[3 mL/(kg·BW)]组、耳缘静脉注射25%乌拉坦[4 mL/(kg·BW)]组、耳缘静脉注射3%戊巴比妥钠[1 mL/(kg·BW)]组、耳缘静脉注射陆眠宁[0.2 mL/(kg·BW)]组、肌肉注射陆眠宁[0.2 mL/(kg·BW)]组。观察试验过程中动物麻醉诱导时间、麻醉维持时间及外科麻醉期一般状况;外科麻醉期0 h、外科麻醉期0.5 h与苏醒时的呼吸和心率。结果显示,陆眠宁效果较好,尤以陆眠宁肌肉注射麻醉维持时间较长,麻醉时家兔的呼吸、心率变化较小,提示对家兔进行麻醉时宜采取肌肉注射陆眠宁的方式,剂量为0.2 mL/kg。     

赛拉唑—戊巴比妥麻醉与育亨宾对其拮抗作用

5只犬在肌注赛拉唑1mg/kg 10分钟后静脉注射戊巴比妥8mg/kg 可引起良好的外科麻醉,其麻醉、足反射消失和从恢复知觉到可走动的时间分别为82,64和33分钟。在麻醉过程中,血压略有上升,心率减慢和呼吸明显抑制。在另一次相同的实验中,在给予戊巴比妥30分钟后静注育亨宾0.2mg/kg,不仅可中止或明显缩短麻醉、足反射消失和可走动的时间,而且也可阻断赛拉唑引起的心率减慢和赛拉唑-戊巴比妥所致的呼吸抑制,恢复也十分平静。赛拉唑-戊巴比妥配合麻醉对犬是有效和安全的麻醉方法。育亨宾是一种有效的拮抗剂。     

白细胞介素1受体拮抗药对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

利用重组人白细胞介素1受体拮抗药(IL 1ra),一次性给小鼠雾化吸入IL 1ra1.0、3.0、10.0mg·kg-1和等容量的磷酸缓冲液(PBS),研究其对小鼠中枢神经系统的药理作用。结果表明:IL 1ra(3.0mg·kg-1)在给药后20min内可引起小鼠自主活动次数的明显增多;并且IL 1ra呈剂量依赖性地对抗戊巴比妥钠的中枢抑制作用,使小鼠睡眠潜伏期延长、持续时间缩短,与PBS对照组相比差异显著或极显著,说明IL 1ra对小鼠中枢神经系统可产生兴奋作用。     

Mechanical Ventilation of a Dog with Pentobarbital Intoxication

A 9-year old spayed female American bulldog presented 5 hours after ingesting a portion of a recently euthanized sheep carcass. The dog was comatose, intubated and manually ventilated on arrival. On physical examination, the dog had stable cardiovascular parameters but was hypothermic. Cranial nerve reflexes were absent and spinal reflexes were depressed. Mechanical ventilation was initiated and maintained for 18 hours before spontaneous respiration returned. Elevated serum pentobarbital concentration (19.1 mg/ml) confirmed pentobarbital intoxication as the cause of neurological signs. This is the first report of a dog with pentobarbital toxicity that was successfully managed with mechanical ventilation. Neurologic and functional recovery was complete and the dog was discharged 48 hours after admission. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(1):33–37)     

Case Series: Continuous electroencephalographic monitoring of status epilepticus in dogs and cats: 10 patients (2004–2005)

Objective – To describe the use of continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring for management of status epilepticus (SE) in dogs and cats. Design – Retrospective study. Setting – University teaching hospital. Animals – Ten patients (7 dogs, 3 cats) with SE of differing etiology (idiopathic epilepsy, n=3; toxicity, n=4; meningoencephalitis, n=2; undefined, n=1). Interventions – The EEG was recorded continuously from 5 stainless‐steel needle electrodes inserted SC. Animals were treated with diazepam and phenobarbital followed by either propofol (n=3) or pentobarbital (n=7) as a continuous rate of infusion. Measurements and Main Results – Clinical seizures stopped after induction of anesthesia in each animal. The EEG, however, still showed distinct epileptiform patterns (spikes, polyspikes) in all animals. Paroxysms were suppressed by increasing the infusion rate of either pentobarbital or propofol. A burst‐suppression pattern was achieved in 5 animals. EEG epileptiform activity reappeared in 4 animals when attempting to taper the dose after >6 hours of anesthesia. This was interpreted as ongoing EEG seizure activity and an increased risk for clinical seizures, and the anesthetic dosage was adjusted accordingly. Conclusion – Continuous EEG monitoring appears to be a useful tool for therapeutic monitoring of SE in dogs and cats. It allows the detection of EEG seizures without the appearance of clinical seizures. Further investigations with blinded investigators and homogeneous animal groups to define therapeutic endpoints are warranted.     

茶氨酸对小鼠戊巴比妥钠镇静催眠的双向作用

采用自发活动仪和观察翻正反射消失与否研究茶氨酸对戊巴巴比妥钠诱导的镇静催眠作用。结果显示:单用茶氨酸能剂量依赖性地抑制正常小鼠的自发活动,其半数抑制量为0.8518g/kg;较小剂量(≤1.0g/kg)茶氨酸能加强戊巴比妥钠(5mg/kg)的抑制自发活动效应,而在2.0g/kg时则引起自发活动反跳性的增加,呈现"U"型改变;单用茶氨酸5.0g/kg并无催眠效应,但小于等于5.0g/kg时茶氨酸加强戊巴比妥钠(25mg/kg)的催眠作用,并呈明显的剂量依赖性。上述结果表明茶氨酸对戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠自发活动影响为双向改变("U"改变);茶氨酸对戊巴比妥钠(25mg/kg)的催眠效应呈剂量依赖性地加强作用,并未出现双向改变。     

氨基甲酸乙酯与戊巴比妥钠在兔麻醉中的应用

为了寻求简便、安全、有效的麻醉方法,探讨氨基甲酸乙酯与戊巴比妥钠在麻醉兔外科手术中的应用效果。选用体重2~2.5 kg的家兔32只（16♂+16♀）,随机分为4组,其中2组采用耳缘静脉给药,2组采用腹腔给药,结果显示,麻醉显效时间腹腔给药效果优于静脉给药,麻醉睡眠时间2种药物、2种给药方式无显著差异。     

灵芝破壁孢子粉改善睡眠作用研究

目的 观察灵芝破壁孢子粉的改善睡眠作用.方法 将清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组及灵芝破壁孢子粉低、中、高剂量组,每组15只.对照组灌胃给予0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠20mL/kg,灵芝破壁孢子粉低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予灵芝破壁孢子粉0.25、0.5、1.0mg/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天.观察小鼠直接睡眠的入睡动物数及睡眠时间,戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠的睡眠发生率,戊巴比妥钠阈剂量催眠的睡眠时间及巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠潜伏期.结果灵芝破壁孢子可明显延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间,缩短巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠潜伏期,提高戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠发生率,对直接睡眠小鼠入睡动物数及睡眠时间均无明显影响.结论灵芝破壁孢子粉具有改善睡眠作用.